NATIONAL HIB BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE (NHBS) SYSTEM

描述(由申请人提供)：国家艾滋病毒行为监测(NHBS)系统的目的是在艾滋病毒/艾滋病发病率较高的地区以人口为基础的具有代表性的个人样本中检查感染艾滋病毒(HIV)之前危险行为的流行率。华盛顿特区是各州和领地新报告的艾滋病病例最多的地区，2005年每10万人中有128例艾滋病病例；它在大都市地区中排名第三。异性接触是最常见的传播方式(31%)，其次是男男性行为者(27%)和注射吸毒(18%)。卫生部/艾滋病毒/艾滋病管理部(DOH/HAA)和乔治华盛顿大学(GWU)结成了公共卫生/学术伙伴关系，成功地实施了NHBS-HET-1，实现了对人类受试者保护、监测数据保护和社区参与的最高目标；卫生部/HAA将继续与GWU合作开展NHBS-2。其他对公共卫生具有重要意义的伙伴关系成就包括：卫生部/卫生与公众服务部和乔治华盛顿大学教职员工、社区成员、公共卫生硕士学生和双语采访者之间的合作；与当地艾滋病毒护理组织、社区倡导团体、社区委员会和预防机构发展积极有效的社区关系；发展积极的社区咨询委员会。该伙伴关系为当前和下一代公共卫生专业人员的培训和专业发展提供了独特的机会。在针对NHBS-2的拟议研究中，将进行三项系列横断面研究，重点是每年连续进行的MSM、IDU和艾滋病毒感染(HET)高危异性恋者。对于每个数据收集年，在机构审查委员会批准后，将进行广泛的定性评估，包括人种学评估和二级数据审查，以提供文化上称职和有效的研究实施方法。每个研究年度将至少招募500名参与者，采用场地抽样、时间和空间抽样或由答复者驱动的抽样；调查的实施和艾滋病毒检测将由训练有素的工作人员在固定和流动地点进行。艾滋病毒血清阳性率、风险和检测行为数据将每月转发给疾控中心。对数据的快速分析和传播将使我们了解华盛顿特区大都会地区居民的行为以及预防策略。通过地区参与NHBS-2，我们将共同实现2010年健康人目标，并为整体公共卫生和福利做出贡献。

Description (provided by applicant): The purpose of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) system is to examine the prevalence of risk behaviors antecedent to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition in a population-based, representative sample of individuals in areas with high HIV/AIDS rates. Washington, DC has the highest prevalence of newly reported AIDS cases of states and territories, with 128 cases per 100,000 in 2005; it ranks third among metropolitan areas. Heterosexual contact is the most frequently reported mode of transmission (31%), followed by men who have sex with men (MSM) (27%), and injection drug use (IDU) (18%). The Department of Health/HIV/AIDS Administration (DOH/HAA) and George Washington University (GWU) formed a Public Health/Academic Partnership to successfully implement NHBS-HET-1, meeting accrual goals with the highest regard for human subjects protection, protection of surveillance data, and community involvement; DOH/HAA will continue the Partnership with GWU to conduct NHBS-2. Other Partnership accomplishments of public health importance include collaborations among DOH/HAA and GWU faculty and staff, community members, MPH students, and bilingual interviewers; development of positive and effective community relationships with local HIV care organizations, community advocacy groups, neighborhood councils, and prevention agencies; development of an active Community Advisory Board. The Partnership provides a unique opportunity for the training and professional development of the current and next generation of public health professionals. In the proposed study for NHBS-2, three serial cross-sectional studies will be conducted, focusing on MSM, IDU, and heterosexuals at high risk for HIV infection (HET) in annual succession. For each data collection year, following Institutional Review Board approval, an extensive qualitative evaluation including an ethnographic assessment and secondary data review will be conducted to inform culturally competent and effective methods for study implementation. A minimum of 500 participants for each study year will be recruited using either venue-based, time and space sampling or respondent-driven sampling; survey implementation and HIV testing will be conducted by trained staff in fixed and mobile sites. HIV seroprevalence, risk, and testing behavior data will be forwarded to CDC monthly. Rapid analysis and dissemination of data will inform our understanding of behavior among residents of the metropolitan Washington, DC area as well as prevention strategies. Through the District's participation in NHBS-2, we will together meet the Healthy People 2010 objectives, and contribute to the public health and welfare overall.