Biopsychosocial Reserves and Dementia: Identifying Protective Factors

项目概要：痴呆症的生物心理社会储备 痴呆症是一种毁灭性的神经认知障碍，对独立性产生负面影响， 导致全球死亡率上升。老年痴呆症是最常见的痴呆症，是第五大- 是65岁及以上人群的主要死因。老年痴呆症及相关疾病 痴呆症（ADRD）在以后的生活中呈指数级增长，行为线索在正式治疗前几十年出现。 诊断.更高水平的认知变异性和加速的认知衰退是ADRD的前兆。 认知表现的个体内变化在整个生命周期和认知维度上各不相同。为 例如，结晶能力（基于文化和语义的能力;即，口头的，程序性的记忆）往往是 在以后的生活中保持，而流体能力（先天方面;即，反应时间、工作记忆）峰值提前 生活中建立生物心理社会储备（即，身体强健，健康饮食，社会参与，遗传 这些因素（如睡眠充足、个性等）可以防止认知能力下降。这个博士预科生 一项奖学金提案旨在调查生物心理社会储备与ADRD之间的关系 通过认知能力的中介作用，以纵向的方式使用来自檀香山的数据， 亚洲老龄化研究。檀香山-亚洲老龄化研究提供了丰富的纵向生物和心理社会数据 对8,006名参与者进行了超过45年的评估;参与者年龄为45 - 64岁， 基线。具体来说，本研究将确定生物心理社会储备和变化之间的关系 在认知能力上。这项研究还将调查认知能力变化的关系 和ADRD。最后，建立生物心理社会储备与ADRD的整体关系 随着时间的推移，认知能力的中介作用。每个研究目标将被评估 通过采用潜在变量和结构方程建模技术的定量方法。这 研究还作为一种机制，以进一步提高研究员在流行病学领域的专业知识， 痴呆症，认知功能障碍的生物学基础，以及先进的统计方法。这个项目 支持NIA的使命和阿尔茨海默病倡议，以了解疾病和条件 为了延长健康活跃的生活年， 纵向模型，以研究认知健康使用独特的长寿的个人。这种方法将有效地 确定基于行为的寿命认知保护因素，从而增强健康和认知， 老年人拟议的研究结果将有助于了解生物心理社会 储备，以促进认知健康在以后的生活以及发展干预措施的影响， 预防认知能力下降。

PROJECT SUMMARY: Biopsychosocial Reserves of Dementia Dementia is a devastating neurocognitive disorder that negatively impacts independence and significantly contributes to the global mortality rate. Alzheimer’s disease, the most prevalent form of dementia, is the fifth- leading cause of death for individuals 65 years of age and older. Instances of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) increase exponentially in later life and behavioral cues emerge decades prior to formal diagnosis. Greater levels of cognitive variability and accelerated cognitive decline are precursors for ADRD. Intra-individual changes in cognitive performance vary across the lifespan and by cognitive dimension. For example, crystallized abilities (culture and semantic-based abilities; i.e., verbal, procedural memory) tend to be maintained in later life whereas fluid abilities (innate aspects; i.e., response time, working memory) peak earlier in life. Building biopsychosocial reserves (i.e., physical robustness, healthy diet, social engagement, genetic factors, adequate sleep, personality) earlier in life are protective against cognitive decline. This predoctoral fellowship proposal aims to investigate the relationship between biopsychosocial reserves and ADRD through the mediating role of cognitive abilities in a longitudinal manner using data from the Honolulu- Asia Aging Study. The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study provides rich longitudinal biological and psychosocial data on 8,006 participants who were assessed for more than 45 years; participants were 45-64 years of age at baseline. Specifically, this study will determine the relationship between biopsychosocial reserves and changes in cognitive abilities. The study will also investigate the association of profiles of change in cognitive abilities and ADRD. Finally, it will establish the overall relationship between biopsychosocial reserves and ADRD through the mediating role of cognitive ability profiles over time. Each of the research aims will be evaluated through quantitative methods employing latent variable and structural equation modeling techniques. This research also serves as a mechanism to further advance the fellow’s expertise in areas of epidemiology of dementia, biological underpinnings of cognitive dysfunction, and advanced statistical methodology. This project supports the NIA’s mission and Alzheimer’s disease initiatives to understand diseases and conditions associated with growing older in order to extend healthy active years of life by employing comprehensive and longitudinal models to study cognitive health using uniquely long-lived individuals. This approach will effectively identify lifespan behaviorally-based cognitive protective factors, thus enhancing health and cognition among older adults. Results of the proposed study will contribute to the understanding of biopsychosocial reserves to promote cognitive health in later life as well as implications for developing interventions and preventions for cognitive decline.