MRI-based biomarkers for regional brain abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder: From newborns to young adults

摘要 自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种复杂的神经发育障碍，其可由一系列 观察到与社交、情感和处理困难有关的症状，特别是关于 与他人交流自己的感受、观点和思想。虽然一个诊断收到1在 美国有68名儿童，自闭症的原因仍然未知。大规模存档和处理 MRI数据对于理解脑发育的复杂性和患有脑梗死的人的病理学是必要的。 自闭症ASD研究的挑战之一是其异质性临床症状与各种共病 紊乱探索ASD的特定早期和晚期MRI体征并检查个体差异 典型发育的发育轨迹和ASD的发育之间的关系对于 识别ASD的基于生物学的亚组。我们的初步结果表明， 与对照组相比，ASD中的异常脑发育事件，随后缺乏适当的 发展我们的初步存档还表明，许多被诊断为ASD的患者（通常在 他们是3或4岁）在该年龄（即0-3岁）之前已经检查过多次。 追溯收集这种独特的，创新的数据集，这项建议将使用尖端的形态学 和基于连接性的MR测量，采用创新的数据处理技术， 从新生儿到年轻的成年人。除了解剖学、形态学评价外， 在活体MRI中，我们将检查体内和体外大脑的纤维通路。我们的初步观察是 这与文献中报道的ASD的超连接性中断部分一致。至关重要的是， 通过增加样本数量和体内数据来确认结果，以找到一种方法来翻译我们的体外研究结果。 技术应用于临床。我们在鉴定各种类型的大脑方面有很多经验 使用我们的离体MRI技术，例如详细的皮质层结构的成像， 无髓纤维通路，组织学证实。

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder which can result from a range of observed symptoms pertaining to social, emotional, and processing difficulties especially regarding communication of their own feelings, opinions, and thoughts with others. Although a diagnosis received by 1 in 68 children in the United States, a cause for autism is still unknown. Large-scale archiving and processing of MRI data are necessary for understanding the complexity of brain development and pathology of those with ASD. One of the challenges of the ASD study is its heterogenetic clinical symptoms with various comorbid disorders. Exploring specific early and late MRI-based signs of ASD and examining individual differences between the developmental trajectory of typical development and development in ASD can be important to identify biology-based subgroups of ASD. Our preliminary results are suggestive of increased early and abnormal brain developmental events in ASD compared to controls, followed by an absence of proper development. Our preliminary archiving also indicated that many patients diagnosed as ASD (typically when they were 3 or 4 years old) had been examined multiple times before that age (i.e. 0-3 years old). Retrospectively collecting such unique, innovative datasets, this proposal will use cutting-edge morphological and connectivity-based MR measurements with innovative data processing techniques in developing populations ranging from newborn to young adult ages. In addition to anatomic, morphological evaluation of in vivo MRI, we will examine fiber pathways of the brain in vivo and ex vivo. Our preliminary observations are partly consistent with the disrupted hyper connectivity of ASD reported in the literature. It is critical to further confirm the results with increased numbers of specimens and in vivo data to find a way to translate our ex vivo technique to clinical settings. We have much experience in the identification of various types of brain pathologies using our ex vivo MRI techniques, such as imaging of detailed cortical layer structures and unmyelinated fiber pathways, with histological confirmation.