Atypical Formation of Fiber Pathways and Cortical Folding in the Brain

大脑中纤维通路和皮质折叠的非典型形成

• 批准号: 10417197
• 负责人: Emi Takahashi (Oki)
• 金额: $ 50.16万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-02 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10417197
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Appearance; Area; Axon; Biological Process; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain region; Cellular Structures; Cerebral hemisphere; Clinical; Complex; Corpus Callosum; Data; Destinations; Development; Developmental Brain Malformation; Diffuse; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Fiber; Foundations; Genetic; Genetic Diseases; Goals; Histologic; Human; Image; Investigation; Lead; Length; Link; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Modeling; Morphology; Mutation; Myelin; Neuroglia; Neurologic; Neurons; Newborn Infant; Pathway interactions; Patient Recruitments; Patients; Pattern; Process; Radial; Residual state; Resolution; Scanning; Solid; Spatial Distribution; Stains; Structure; Surface; Techniques; Thick; Water; base; brain morphology; brain pathway; developmental disease; in vivo; indexing; lissencephaly; malformation; migration; mind control; nervous system disorder; neurofilament; prenatal; preservation; prospective; sex; spatiotemporal; theories; tractography; white matter; young adult

Abstract Emerging brain pathways and morphology are linked in typical and atypical brain development, and such changes can be 3-dimensionally imaged by MRI with our technique. The development of cortical convolutions, gyri and sulci, is a complex process that typically takes place during prenatal development. Despite numerous theories, neurogenic processes that cause the appearance of gyri/sulci and its relationships to underlying fiber pathways remain unknown. Lissencephaly (LIS), a rare neurological condition characterized by the lack of cortical convolutions, offers a great model to look into the biological processes that lead to the development of gyri and sulci. On the other hand, agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) is another neurological disorder that is characterized by a partial or complete absence (agenesis) of the corpus callosum which connects the two cerebral hemispheres. These two developmental neurological disorders are great models to study spatiotemporal links between atypical formation of fibers and gyri/sulci, because LIS has obvious gyral malformations but their relationships to underlying fiber pathways are still elusive, while AgCC has obvious abnormal fiber pathways but their relationships to gyral structures are still elusive. Through our recent investigations, we observed that both LIS patients and AgCC patients had significantly smaller gyrification index (GI) compared to age/sex-matched controls. In addition, in patients with LIS, spatiotemporal distribution of projection pathways was preserved but short- to medium-length cortico-cortical association pathways were absent or few in number, while patients with AgCC had significantly smaller cortical surface area compared to controls. These observations are in line with suggested relationships between fiber pathways and cortical folding/surface morphology. However, more details of fiber/gyral development in these and other developmental disorders are still elusive. In this R01, built on a previous R03, we will utilize our technique to study detailed links of fiber pathways and gyral formation in LIS and AgCC ranging from newborn to young adult stages.

抽象的 新兴的大脑通路和形态在典型和非典型大脑发育中相互关联，等等 使用我们的技术，可以通过 MRI 对变化进行 3 维成像。皮质回旋的发展， 脑回和脑沟是一个复杂的过程，通常发生在产前发育期间。尽管有无数 导致脑回/脑沟出现的理论、神经源性过程及其与底层纤维的关系 途径仍然未知。无脑畸形（LIS），一种罕见的神经系统疾病，其特征是缺乏 皮层卷积提供了一个很好的模型来研究导致大脑发育的生物过程 脑回和脑沟。另一方面，胼胝体发育不全（AgCC）是另一种神经系统疾病， 其特征是连接两者的胼胝体部分或完全缺失（发育不全） 大脑半球。这两种发育性神经系统疾病是很好的研究模型 纤维的非典型形成与脑回/脑沟之间存在时空联系，因为 LIS 具有明显的脑回 畸形，但它们与潜在纤维通路的关系仍然难以捉摸，而 AgCC 具有明显的 异常的纤维通路，但它们与回旋结构的关系仍然难以捉摸。通过我们最近 调查中，我们观察到 LIS 患者和 AgCC 患者的回转指数均明显较小 （GI）与年龄/性别匹配的对照相比。此外，在 LIS 患者中， 投射通路被保留，但短至中等长度的皮质-皮质关联通路被保留 AgCC 患者的皮质表面积不存在或数量很少，而与其他患者相比，其皮质表面积明显更小 控制。这些观察结果符合纤维通路和皮质之间的建议关系 折叠/表面形态。然而，这些和其他发育中纤维/回旋发育的更多细节 疾病仍然难以捉摸。在这个 R01 中，基于之前的 R03，我们将利用我们的技术来研究详细的链接 从新生儿到年轻成人阶段，LIS 和 AgCC 中纤维通路和脑回形成的研究。