Malaria vectorial system and vector control in Southeast Asia

项目2概要 大湄公河次区域疟疾流行病学的特点是高时空 存在不同的病媒物种，具有不同的空间分布、季节性、 动态、生态位要求、宿主摄食偏好和媒介竞争力。病媒控制是一种 疟疾控制的综合组成部分。蚊虫叮咬行为的变化和 对拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的抗药性使传统的拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂处理过的蚊帐和拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂- 在减少疟疾传播方面，基于室内滞留喷洒的效果较差。环境变化，特别是 由于森林砍伐，也导致了不同的生物学和媒介状态的巨大变化， 按蚊属。因此，更新知识，这种变化和发展的新的阻力 迫切需要监测工具。为了应对病媒控制方面的这些紧迫挑战，我们 在中国、泰国和缅甸选定的国际边境地区，1）确定环境如何 变化影响蚊类群落结构，2）研究蚊类表型可塑性， 描述景观遗传学的主要媒介按蚊物种，3）确定是否改变蚊子 利用基因组学技术从基因上决定咬行为，以及4）确定程度， 一种主要疟疾病媒的杀虫剂抗药性分布和机制。的总体目标 该项目旨在了解不同生态和流行病学环境中的病媒系统， 建立必要的知识库，以便在大湄公河次区域有效控制病媒。

PROJECT 2 SUMMARY Malaria epidemiology in the Greater Mekong Subregion is characterized by high spatial and temporal heterogeneity with the presence of diverse vector species, which have different spatial distribution, seasonal dynamics, ecological niche requirement, host feeding preference and vector competence. Vector control is an integrated component of malaria control. The changes in mosquito biting behavior and emergence of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides make the conventional pyrethroid insecticide-treated nets and pyrethroid- based indoor residual spray less effective in reducing malaria transmission. Environmental changes, especially due to deforestation, also have led to dramatic changes in the bionomics and vectorial status of different Anopheles species. Therefore, updated knowledge on such changes and development of new resistance monitoring tools are critically needed. In order to address these pressing challenges in vector control, we selected international border regions in China, Thailand and Myanmar to 1) determine how environmental changes affect the mosquito community structures, 2) study the mosquito phenotypic plasticity and characterize landscape genetics of a major Anopheles vector species, 3) identify whether changes of mosquito biting behaviors are genetically determined using genomics technology, and 4) determine the extent, distribution and mechanisms of insecticide resistance in a major malaria vector. The overarching objectives of this project are to understand the vectorial system in diverse ecological and epidemiological settings and to develop the needed knowledge base for effective vector control in the GMS.