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Education and the Life-Course Pathways of Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and Cognitive Decline in the United States and Mexico

美国和墨西哥的教育以及认知障碍、痴呆和认知衰退的生命历程路径

基本信息

批准号：
10374770
负责人：
Joseph Saenz
金额：
$ 5.83万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-04-01 至 2022-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10374770
关键词：
Adult Affect Age Aging Biology Brain California Chronic Clinical Clinical Psychology Cognition Cognitive Cognitive aging Country Dementia Demography Developed Countries Developing Countries Discipline Disease Doctor of Philosophy Economics Education Educational Background Educational Status Elderly Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology Exposure to Faculty Financial cost Future Geography Gerontology Growth Health Health Sciences Health and Retirement Study Healthcare Immigration Impaired cognition Income Intervention Life Cycle Stages Light Linear Regressions Location Longevity Measurement Measures Mediating Medical Mentorship Methodology Methods Mexican Mexican Americans Mexico Modeling National Institute on Aging Nature Neurobehavioral Manifestations Neuropsychology Occupations Pathogenesis Pathologic Pathology Pathway interactions Politics Population Population Growth Positioning Attribute Postdoctoral Fellow Process Psychology Research Research Priority Resources Role Schools Social Environment Socioeconomic Factors Structure Texas Training United States Universities Work aged career cognitive development cognitive function cognitive process cognitive reserve cost design economic cost experience health care availability health disparity health knowledge human old age (65+)multidisciplinary population health preservation rapid growth rural area social

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY The purpose of the proposed research is to describe and cross-nationally compare the life-course pathways affecting cognition, cognitive impairment, dementia, and cognitive decline in the United States and Mexico. The PI, Dr. Joseph Saenz, received his Ph.D. in Population Health Science at the University of Texas Medical Branch where he received training in epidemiology and epidemiologic methods. Dr. Saenz has extensive experience studying health disparities in Mexico and the Mexican origin population in the United States. Joseph is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the Davis School of Gerontology at the University of Southern California (USC) where he has begun to study cognition in these populations. The proposed training will enhance the PI’s understanding of the measurement of cognition, and expose him to the approaches to cognitive aging used across various academic disciplines including demography, psychology, neuropsychology, and biology. Education is a strong predictor of cognitive function, cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND), and dementia in late life. Education may affect the clinical manifestation of cognitive functioning directly by impacting the strength and structure of brain structures and by providing greater cognitive reserve to compensate for pathological changes in the brain. However, education may also affect cognition via indirect pathways including occupation, income, wealth, healthcare access, and chronic conditions. Understanding these pathways is highly significant given the aging of the U.S. and Mexican populations and the social and economic costs of cognitive impairment. Because aging is a life-course process that occurs within larger contexts, it is important to consider how larger demographic, economic, and political contexts across countries influence cognitive development and decline throughout the life-course. Further, by acknowledging these differing contexts, future work may design and implement cognitive interventions that are more precisely catered to the context in which they are applied. These results also shed light on differences in cognitive aging across developing and developed countries. While studies of aging in Mexico (Mexican Health and Aging Study) and the U.S. (Health and Retirement Study) have used differing measures of cognitive functioning and methods for measuring and classifying normal cognition, CIND, and dementia, the proposed research makes use of newly collected harmonized assessments of cognitive functioning to develop comparable measures of cognition and definitions of CIND and dementia. I will investigate the direct and indirect pathways throughout the life-course through which education affects cognitive functioning, CIND, dementia, and cognitive decline in late life using multinomial probit regression models, growth curve models, and linear regression models to model CIND and dementia, cognitive decline, and cognitive function as a function of variables spanning the life-course. USC is an ideal location to receive the training necessary for the proposal given the multidisciplinary nature of the gerontology center, global study of aging, focus on cognition and dementia, and availability of coursework and mentorship from leaders in demography, psychology, and clinical psychology. This training will also position the PI to begin an independent research career and to submit a successful R01 proposal in a faculty position.

项目摘要这项研究的目的是描述和跨国比较生命历程在美国影响认知、认知障碍、痴呆和认知衰退的途径，墨西哥主要研究者Joseph Saenz博士获得博士学位。德克萨斯大学人口健康科学系他在医学分支接受流行病学和流行病学方法的培训。萨恩斯博士在研究墨西哥和美国墨西哥裔人口的健康差异方面拥有丰富的经验 states.约瑟夫目前是加州大学戴维斯老年学学院的博士后研究员。南加州（USC），在那里他开始研究这些人群的认知。拟议的培训将增强PI对认知测量的理解，并使他了解认知老化被用于各种学科，包括人口统计学，心理学，神经心理学和生物学。教育是认知功能的一个强有力的预测因素，认知障碍无痴呆症（CIND）和老年痴呆症。教育可能会影响认知障碍的临床表现通过影响大脑结构的强度和结构，认知储备，以弥补大脑的病理变化。然而，教育也可能影响认知通过间接途径，包括职业，收入，财富，医疗保健的可及性，以及慢性条件鉴于美国和墨西哥的老龄化，了解这些途径非常重要。人口以及认知障碍的社会和经济成本。因为衰老是一个生命过程在更大的背景下发生，重要的是要考虑更大的人口，经济和政治不同国家的环境影响着整个生命过程中的认知发展和衰退。此外，由认识到这些不同的背景，未来的工作可能会设计和实施认知干预，更准确地迎合了它们应用的背景。这些结果也揭示了发展中国家和发达国家的认知老化。虽然墨西哥的老龄化研究（墨西哥健康和老龄化研究）和美国（健康和退休研究）使用了不同的认知测量方法。功能和方法的测量和分类正常认知，CIND，和痴呆症，提出了研究利用新收集的认知功能统一评估， CIND和痴呆的认知和定义的可比措施。我会直接调查教育影响认知功能的间接途径，CIND，痴呆和晚年认知能力下降，使用多项式概率单位回归模型，生长曲线模型，和线性回归模型，以模拟CIND和痴呆，认知下降和认知功能，作为一个跨生命过程的变量函数。南加州大学是一个理想的地点，以接受必要的培训，鉴于老年学中心的多学科性质，全球老龄化研究的重点是认知，和痴呆症，以及人口学，心理学和临床心理学该培训还将使PI开始独立的研究生涯，提交一份成功的R01建议书。