Appropriation, Adaptation, and Political Mobilization of Genomics Research

项目摘要 “白色民族主义者对基因组学研究的拨款、适应和政治动员” 这个项目将分析美国白色民族主义者是如何挪用，适应，政治动员和 以应对当代基因组学研究。白色民族主义者赢得了公众的支持 自2015年以来，该组织一直致力于提高其运动和政策理念的知名度。来自遗传学的想法 在他们的公开声明和白色民族主义者的在线讨论中一直很突出。为 例如，他们讨论了遗传祖先测试，以证明纯欧洲/白色血统，人口 遗传学“证明”种族的生物学现实，行为遗传学声称智力和行为 白人的优越性。然而，专业的遗传学家已经否定了这样的解释，认为所有 种群是混合的，种族是遗传种群结构的一个很差的代表，遗传是非遗传的。 决定论，不能用来证明社会等级制度。这就引出了一系列问题：为什么 白色民族主义者试图挪用基因组学？他们是如何建立起 专业遗传学的主流？哪些领域的研究和发现吸引了他们最多的 兴趣？这项研究的关键是公众对当代基因组学的理解，以及白色人是否 民族主义者的解释将更加突出。社会学研究表明， 观点的权威性与其说与它们是对是错有关，不如说与观众如何看待观点的权威性有关。 扬声器.因此，除了他们的解释，白色民族主义者如何建立权威，并寻求诋毁思想 与他们相矛盾的东西也会被发现。本项目将从白色民族主义者的 在线博客、新闻和评论文章以及论坛中的文章。它将采用以下方法： 定性，解释社会学，并从公众参与科学的研究中分析得出， 白色民族主义者参与当代基因组学时的认知框架和意义。项目 有三个目标。1)要将白色民族主义者对基因组学的在线讨论分类，请绘制子字段和主题的地图 他们关注和忽视，并将他们的解释与专业基因组学的解释进行比较， 研究人员2)为了分析他们如何调动基因组学思想为他们的政治议程服务， 改变他们的政治作为回应，以及这与过去的政治运动相比如何。3)到 重建他们如何建立他们对科学的解释和对政治的应用的权威。发现将 有助于丰富关于遗传学的伦理、法律的和社会影响的讨论，使其超越医学和 从科学语境到政治含义。此外，该项目将提供工具，以改善科学 委员会建议缔约国提交一份来文，以限制歧视性或种族主义利用遗传学的呼吁。

Project Abstract “Appropriation, Adaptation, and Political Mobilization of Genomics Research by White Nationalists” This project will analyze how US white nationalists are appropriating, adapting, politically mobilizing and changing themselves in response to contemporary genomics research. White nationalists have gained public prominence since 2015 trying to bring greater visibility to their movement and policy ideas. Ideas from genetics have been prominent in their public pronouncements and in online discussions among white nationalists. For example, they discuss genetic ancestry tests to demonstrate pure European/white ancestry, population genetics to “prove” the biological reality of race, and behavior genetics to claim the intellectual and behavioral superiority of whites. However, professional geneticists have repudiated such interpretations arguing all populations are admixed, race is a poor representation of genetic population structure, and genetics is non- deterministic and cannot be used to justify social hierarchies. This leads to a series of questions: Why have white nationalists sought to appropriate genomics? How have they built interpretations that contradict the mainstream of professional genetics? And what areas of research and findings have drawn most of their interest? At stake in this study is the public understanding of contemporary genomics and whether white nationalists' interpretations will gain prominence. Sociological research has shown that the public acceptance of ideas has less to do with whether they are right or wrong than with how audiences perceive the authority of speakers. Thus beyond their interpretations, how white nationalists build authority and seek to discredit ideas that contradict theirs will also be discerned. This project will draw its research materials from white nationalists' writings in online blogs, news and opinion pieces, and discussion forums. It will employ the methods of qualitative, interpretive sociology and draw analytically from studies of public participation in science to uncover white nationalists' cognitive frameworks and meanings as they engage contemporary genomics. The project has three aims. 1) To catalog white nationalist discussion of genomics online, map the subfields and topics they focus on and ignore, and to compare their interpretations with those of professional genomics researchers. 2) To analyze how they mobilize genomics ideas in service of their political agenda, how they change their politics in response, and how this compares to those of past political movements. 3) To reconstruct how they build authority for their interpretations of science and applications to politics. Findings will help enrich discussions of the ethical, legal, and social implications of genetics to go beyond medical and scientific contexts to political meanings. Furthermore, this project will offer tools to improve science communication to limit the appeal of discriminatory or racist appropriations of genetics.