Appropriation, Adaptation, and Political Mobilization of Genomics Research

项目摘要 白人民族主义者对基因组研究的挪用、改编和政治动员 这个项目将分析美国白人民族主义者是如何挪用，适应，政治动员和 改变自己，以回应当代基因组学研究。白人民族主义者赢得了公众的支持 自2015年以来一直突出，试图让他们的运动和政策想法更受关注。来自遗传学的想法 他们的公开声明和白人民族主义者在网上的讨论中都很突出。为 例如，他们讨论了基因血统测试，以证明纯欧洲/白人血统，人口 遗传学用来证明种族的生物现实，行为遗传学用来声称智力和行为 白人的优越感。然而，专业遗传学家驳斥了这样的解释，他们认为 种群是混杂的，种族不能很好地代表遗传种群结构，而遗传学是非 这是决定性的，不能用来证明社会等级制度的合理性。这就引出了一系列问题：为什么 白人民族主义者试图挪用基因组学？他们是如何建立起与 职业遗传学的主流？哪些领域的研究和发现吸引了他们最多的 兴趣？这项研究关系到公众对当代基因组学的理解，以及白人 民族主义者的解释将变得更加突出。社会学研究表明，公众的接受度 思想的好坏与其说是对是错，不如说是关乎受众如何看待 扬声器。因此，超越他们的解释，白人民族主义者如何建立权威并试图诋毁想法 与他们的观点相矛盾的观点也将被发现。该项目将从白人民族主义者的 在线博客、新闻和评论文章以及论坛上的文章。它将采用以下方法 定性的、解释性的社会学，并从公众参与科学的研究中进行分析，以揭示 白人民族主义者从事当代基因组学时的认知框架和意义。该项目 有三个目标。1)在线编目白人民族主义者对基因组学的讨论，绘制子领域和主题图 他们关注和忽视，并将他们的解释与专业基因组学的解释进行比较 研究人员。2)分析他们如何动员基因组学想法为他们的政治议程服务，他们如何 改变他们的政治回应，以及这与过去的政治运动相比有什么不同。3)至 重建他们如何为他们对科学的解释和对政治的应用建立权威。调查结果将 帮助丰富关于遗传学的伦理、法律和社会影响的讨论，以超越医学和 从科学背景到政治意义。此外，该项目还将提供提高科学水平的工具 传播，以限制歧视性或种族主义的遗传拨款的吸引力。

Project Abstract “Appropriation, Adaptation, and Political Mobilization of Genomics Research by White Nationalists” This project will analyze how US white nationalists are appropriating, adapting, politically mobilizing and changing themselves in response to contemporary genomics research. White nationalists have gained public prominence since 2015 trying to bring greater visibility to their movement and policy ideas. Ideas from genetics have been prominent in their public pronouncements and in online discussions among white nationalists. For example, they discuss genetic ancestry tests to demonstrate pure European/white ancestry, population genetics to “prove” the biological reality of race, and behavior genetics to claim the intellectual and behavioral superiority of whites. However, professional geneticists have repudiated such interpretations arguing all populations are admixed, race is a poor representation of genetic population structure, and genetics is non- deterministic and cannot be used to justify social hierarchies. This leads to a series of questions: Why have white nationalists sought to appropriate genomics? How have they built interpretations that contradict the mainstream of professional genetics? And what areas of research and findings have drawn most of their interest? At stake in this study is the public understanding of contemporary genomics and whether white nationalists' interpretations will gain prominence. Sociological research has shown that the public acceptance of ideas has less to do with whether they are right or wrong than with how audiences perceive the authority of speakers. Thus beyond their interpretations, how white nationalists build authority and seek to discredit ideas that contradict theirs will also be discerned. This project will draw its research materials from white nationalists' writings in online blogs, news and opinion pieces, and discussion forums. It will employ the methods of qualitative, interpretive sociology and draw analytically from studies of public participation in science to uncover white nationalists' cognitive frameworks and meanings as they engage contemporary genomics. The project has three aims. 1) To catalog white nationalist discussion of genomics online, map the subfields and topics they focus on and ignore, and to compare their interpretations with those of professional genomics researchers. 2) To analyze how they mobilize genomics ideas in service of their political agenda, how they change their politics in response, and how this compares to those of past political movements. 3) To reconstruct how they build authority for their interpretations of science and applications to politics. Findings will help enrich discussions of the ethical, legal, and social implications of genetics to go beyond medical and scientific contexts to political meanings. Furthermore, this project will offer tools to improve science communication to limit the appeal of discriminatory or racist appropriations of genetics.