Sharing the burden of discrimination: Parents as sources of resilience from adolescent obesity-related health risk

分担歧视负担：父母是青少年肥胖相关健康风险恢复力的来源

• 批准号: 10000775
• 负责人: Kelly Frances Miller Kazmierski
• 金额: $ 6.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-19 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10000775
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent obesity; Adrenal Glands; Affect; African American; Anthropometry; Attenuated; Autonomic nervous system; Awareness; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Body Composition; Buffers; Cardiovascular system; Caregivers; Child; Child Rearing; Cholesterol; Clinical; Code; Communities; Consumption; Data; Deposition; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Discrimination; Down-Regulation; Eating; Emotional; Emotions; Enrollment; Environment; Exhibits; Exposure to; Face; Family; Family Process; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Feeling; Fellowship; Female; Female Adolescents; Food; Foundations; Funding; Future; Glucose; Grant; Health; Health Promotion; Hispanics; Home environment; Hypothalamic structure; Inequality; Influentials; Insulin; Intervention; Investigation; Isoprostanes; Latina; Leptin; Link; Longevity; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mentorship; Metabolic; Methodology; Minority; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Not Hispanic or Latino; Obesity; Overweight; Parents; Participant; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Physical activity; Physiological; Physiology; Pituitary Gland; Prevalence; Process; Psychologist; Recording of previous events; Regulation; Research; Research Project Grants; Resources; Risk; Secure; Severities; Skin; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Stress; Testing; Thinking; Time; Training; Triglycerides; United States National Institutes of Health; Up-Regulation; Visceral fat; Weight; Woman; Youth; adiponectin; base; cardiometabolism; career; catalyst; energy balance; experience; health disparity; heart disease risk; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; indexing; male; multimodality; obesity risk; obesogenic; peer; post-doctoral training; psychologic; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; racial and ethnic disparities; racial discrimination; recruit; resilience; response; scaffold; social health determinants; social inequality; stressor; theories; tool development

Abstract Research Project: African American (AA) and Hispanic/Latina (HL) female adolescents show markedly elevated rates of obesity compared to their Non-Hispanic White (NHW) and male peers. Minority and female youth also experience increased discrimination-related stress; stress-induced alterations to physiology and behavior may partially account for these disparities in obesity prevalence. Guided by attachment theory, an influential paradigm that has never before been applied to the study of obesity-related health disparities, this project takes a resilience-focused approach, proposing that parents can buffer the impact of discrimination on youth. When parents serve as a safe haven (SH), providing comfort when youth face threat, and a secure base (SB), encouraging youth to actively cope with stressors in the environment, they help to strengthen youth’s ability to withstand discrimination with less physiological wear and tear. Attachment theory proposes that SH/SB can be measured both behaviorally and physiologically, as SH/SB exchanges affect both parent and youth Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) activity. Participants include 120 female adolescents (1/3 AA, 1/3 HL, 1/3 NHW; 1/3 obese, 1/3 overweight, 1/3 typical weight) and their caregivers, enrolled in an R01 study of adolescent stress and obesity-related health parameters (body composition, physiology, energy balance, and cardio-metabolic markers). Attachment relationships are measured during parent-youth discussions of youth experiences of discrimination. Both parent SH/SB behavior and parent-youth ANS activity linkage are assessed as indices of attachment. The study’s first aim tests whether associations between youth discrimination and obesity-related health are moderated by a) coded SH/SB or b) parent-youth ANS linkage. The second aim identifies catalysts of this health-protective parenting (SH/SB and physiology) for parents who have been exposed to discrimination. Parents’ history of discrimination may either reduce or enhance their sensitive responses to youth’s experiences of discrimination, depending on the parent’s capacity for reflective functioning, the ability to attune to youth’s thoughts, emotions, and intentions. The proposed study adds parent-youth discrimination discussions to an existing, data-rich study of adolescent obesity disparities. By identifying attachment relationships as reducing the obesogenic effect of discrimination, this project lays the foundation for the future development of dyadic obesity interventions for at-risk minority youth. Training Plan and Environment: Post-doctoral training will launch PI Kazmierski’s research career as a clinical psychologist who studies social determinants of health for at-risk youth. Via research, coursework, mentorship, and professional development activities, the proposed fellowship will endow Ms. Kazmierski with increased mastery of the theories, methodologies, and statistical approaches used in health disparities research. Working with Drs. Rao, Borelli, and their collaborators at UC Irvine provides a resource- and mentorship-rich environment to scaffold Ms. Kazmierski’s academic and professional development.

摘要 研究项目：非裔美国人（AA）和西班牙裔/拉丁裔（HL）女性青少年表现出明显的 与非西班牙裔白色（NHW）和男性同龄人相比，肥胖率升高。少数族裔和女性 青年人还经历了与歧视有关的压力增加;压力引起的生理变化， 行为可能部分解释了肥胖患病率的这些差异。在依恋理论的指导下， 这种有影响力的范式以前从未被应用于肥胖相关健康差异的研究， 该项目采取了以服从为重点的方法，建议父母可以缓冲歧视对孩子的影响， 青年当父母作为一个安全的避风港（SH），提供安慰时，青年面临威胁，和一个安全的基地 (SB)，鼓励青少年积极科普环境中的压力，有助加强青少年的 以较少的生理磨损承受歧视的能力。依恋理论认为， SH/SB可以从行为和生理两方面进行测量，因为SH/SB交换影响父母和 青年自主神经系统（ANS）活动。受试者包括120名女性青少年（1/3 AA，1/3 HL， 1/3 NHW; 1/3肥胖，1/3超重，1/3典型体重）及其护理人员，参加了R 01研究， 青少年压力和肥胖相关的健康参数（身体成分，生理，能量平衡， 心脏代谢标志物）。依恋关系是在父母与青少年讨论青少年问题时测量的 歧视的经历。父母的SH/SB行为和父母-青年ANS活动的联系都是 作为依恋指数进行评估。这项研究的第一个目的是测试年轻人之间的联系是否 歧视和肥胖相关的健康受到a）编码SH/SB或B）父母-青年ANS联系的调节。 第二个目标是确定这种健康保护父母的催化剂（SH/SB和生理学）， 受到歧视。父母的歧视历史可能会减少或增加他们的 对青年遭受歧视的经历作出敏感的反应，这取决于父母的反思能力。 这是一种功能，能够调谐到年轻人的思想，情感和意图。拟议的研究补充说， 父母-青少年歧视的讨论，以现有的，数据丰富的研究青少年肥胖的差距。通过 确定依恋关系减少歧视的肥胖效应，该项目奠定了 基金会为今后制定针对高危少数民族青年的双重肥胖干预措施奠定了基础。 培训计划和环境：博士后培训将启动PI Kazmierski的研究生涯， 研究高危青少年健康的社会决定因素的临床心理学家。通过研究，课程， 导师，和专业发展活动，拟议的奖学金将赋予女士Kazmierski 提高对健康差距中使用的理论、方法和统计方法的掌握 research.与Rao博士、Borelli博士以及他们在加州大学欧文分校的合作者一起工作， 导师丰富的环境支架卡兹米尔斯基女士的学术和专业发展。