Towards prevention of HIV among vulnerable and stigmatized populations using geospatial data

利用地理空间数据预防弱势群体和受侮辱群体中的艾滋病毒

• 批准号: 10006327
• 负责人: Neal D Goldstein
• 金额: $ 11.88万
• 依托单位: DREXEL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10006327
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Area; Attention; Award; Behavior; Behavioral; Censuses; Characteristics; Code; Communities; Complement; Complex; Data; Data Analyses; Disease; Epidemic; Epidemiologic Monitoring; Epidemiology; Exhibits; Exposure to; Failure; Geographic Information Systems; Geographic Locations; Geography; Goals; Guide prevention; HIV; HIV Seropositivity; HIV risk; Incidence; Individual; Individual Differences; Infection; Intervention; Joints; Lead; Location; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Minority; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Network-based; Pattern; Philadelphia; Policies; Population; Prevalence; Prevention strategy; Public Health; Recommendation; Research; Research Training; Resolution; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Science; Services; Sexual Partners; Social Network; Socialization; Stigmatization; Surveillance Program; System; Techniques; Training; Training Programs; Viral Load result; Viremia; Virus; Vulnerable Populations; Work; base; contextual factors; disorder prevention; dynamic system; epidemiologic data; epidemiology study; follow-up; health disparity; heuristics; improved; innovation; insight; men who have sex with men; models and simulation; novel; pre-exposure prophylaxis; prevention service; programs; public health priorities; response; screening; sex; sexual HIV transmission; skills; social; surveillance data; systematic review; transmission process; treatment services

HIV remains a global public health priority and occurs disproportionality among minority and stigmatized populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). The occurrence of HIV is not random in the population, rather it exhibits patterns by individual and contextual factors. Is it the contextual factors, such as the neighborhood where one lives, socializes, or engages in sex, that is the focus of the proposed research. This proposed program of training and research examines the geospatial features of HIV using epidemiological data and analyses. The overarching goal is to improve the epidemiology of studying HIV by incorporating geospatial measures into HIV risk models through three areas. First, opportunities exist to tailor and refine existing HIV surveillance programs towards the most vulnerable groups using contextual determinants of risk. A second opportunity is to improve the validity of geospatial analyses through more accurate measurement and correct quantification of the spatial unit. A final opportunity is to improve risk quantification and reduce biased inference by applying spatial features of disease distribution to studying HIV risk. Taken together, attention to these three insights can improve HIV surveillance and epidemiology to guide prevention services. This project utilizes Philadelphia Department of Public Health’s AIDS Activities Coordinating Office surveillance data of people living with HIV/AIDS in Philadelphia in conjunction with data obtained via systematic review. Research questions to be answered include the optimal placement of HIV screening services in Philadelphia, the most appropriate choice of contextual unit to analyze spatial data (e.g., neighborhood, ZIP code, census tract), and the impact of sexual networks based upon geographic location of partner selection. Analyses will include advanced geospatial methods, hierarchical regression modeling, and agent-based simulation models. Follow-up work will include joint systems dynamic and agent-based models with a focus on health disparities in HIV. The proposed research will be complemented by experiential and didactic training in (1) geographic information systems and spatial analysis of epidemiologic data, (2) systems science and health disparities, and (3) epidemiological surveillance systems with a focus on HIV surveillance. This research and training will enable a program of independent research on the contextual factors relating neighborhood and HIV transmission and infection among vulnerable and stigmatized populations.

艾滋病毒仍然是全球公共卫生的一个优先事项，在少数群体和受歧视群体中发生。 男男性行为者（MSM）。艾滋病毒在人群中的发生不是随机的， 相反，它表现出个人和背景因素的模式。是上下文因素，如 一个人居住、社交或从事性活动的社区，这是拟议研究的重点。这 拟议的培训和研究计划利用流行病学数据研究艾滋病毒的地理空间特征， 分析。总体目标是通过纳入地理空间信息， 通过三个领域将艾滋病毒风险模型纳入衡量标准。首先，有机会调整和完善现有的艾滋病毒 利用风险的背景决定因素，对最弱势群体实施监测方案。第二 机会是通过更准确的测量和正确的地理空间分析， 空间单位的量化。最后一个机会是改进风险量化和减少有偏见的推断 将疾病分布的空间特征应用于艾滋病风险研究。综合来看，注意这三点 这些见解可以改善艾滋病毒监测和流行病学，以指导预防服务。 该项目利用费城公共卫生部艾滋病活动协调办公室的监测 费城艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者的数据，以及通过系统评价获得的数据。 需要回答的研究问题包括费城艾滋病毒筛查服务的最佳位置， 分析空间数据的上下文单元的最适当选择（例如，邻里，邮政编码，人口普查区），以及 性网络的影响基于合作伙伴选择的地理位置。分析将包括高级 地理空间方法、分层回归建模和基于代理的仿真模型。后续工作将 包括联合系统动态和以代理人为基础的模式，重点是艾滋病毒方面的健康差距。 拟议的研究将得到以下方面的经验和教学培训的补充：（1）地理信息 流行病数据的系统和空间分析，（2）系统科学和健康差异，以及（3） 流行病监测系统，重点是艾滋病毒监测。这项研究和培训将使 一项关于邻里关系和艾滋病毒传播相关背景因素的独立研究计划， 在脆弱和受歧视人群中感染。