Integrating theory, genomics, and comparative approaches to break barriers to the understanding of genome structure and sex chromosome evolution.

项目摘要 基因组结构，在基本水平上，可以通过将基因组分为 常染色体和性染色体。减数分裂驱动，分离机制，性拮抗， 上位性，较高或较低重组的益处，以及漂移都与 染色体数目的变化以及性别内所含基因组的比例 染色体然而，尽管经过了世纪的努力，这些因素中没有一个能够充分地 解释了物种间基因组结构的显著差异。我们的长期目标 研究计划是：（1）开发新的和强大的模型，以更好地解释力量， 导致染色体数量和基因组比例的变化， 性染色体，以及（2）了解这些特征如何影响 其他特征包括常见的染色体疾病，如Klinefelter综合征和Turner 综合征这将通过实施三管齐下的方法来实现， 比较，基因组学和理论方法，以获得新的见解基因组进化。第一、 比较系统发育方法将应用于基因组和表型数据， 长的进化时间尺度来估计性染色体的进化速率， 染色体数目，并将这些比率的变化与生活史或其他性状联系起来。超过 在物种内部和物种之间进行较短时间的遗传和基因组研究， 了解基因组结构中分离变异的性质和遗传变异， 性对抗。最后，这些方法都补充了理论工作，以测试 并根据结果提出假设，或帮助遗传和 基因组研究总之，这项工作的结果将是一个前所未有的理解， 在进化树中塑造大规模基因组结构的进化力量 并继续影响我们今天的基因组

Project summary Genome structure, at a fundamental level, can be described by the division of the genome into autosomes and sex chromosomes. Meiotic drive, segregation mechanisms, sexual antagonism, epistasis, benefits of higher or lower recombination, and drift have all been implicated in changes in chromosome number as well as the proportion of the genome contained within sex chromosomes. However, despite over a century of work, none of these factors can adequately explain the striking variation in genome organization across species. The long-term goals of our research program are: (1) to develop new and robust models to better explain the forces that lead to changes in the number of chromosomes and the proportion of the genome contained in sex chromosomes, and (2) to understand how these characteristics impact the evolution of other traits including common chromosomal disorders like Klinefelter syndrome and Turner syndrome. This will be achieved by implementing a three-pronged approach combining comparative, genomic, and theoretical methods to gain new insight into genome evolution. First, comparative phylogenetic methods will be applied to genomic and phenotypic data spanning long evolutionary time scales to estimate the rates of evolution of sex chromosomes and chromosome number and link variation in these rates with life-history or other traits. Over shorter time periods genetic and genomic studies are used within and among species to understand the nature of segregating variation in genome structure and genetic variation that is sexually antagonistic. Finally, these approaches are supplemented with theoretical work to test and develop hypotheses inspired by results or to aid in experimental design for genetic and genomic studies. Together, the results of this work will be an unprecedented understanding of the evolutionary forces that have shaped the large-scale structure of genome across the tree of life and continue to impact our genomes today