Distinguishing Exposure to Secondhand and Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke and Electronic Cigarettes among U.S. Children based on Multiple Biomarker Profiles

根据多种生物标志物特征区分美国儿童接触二手和三手烟草烟雾和电子烟的情况

• 批准号: 10033879
• 负责人: Ashley L Merianos
• 金额: $ 26.66万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10033879
• 关键词: Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Asthma; Biochemical; Biological; Biological Markers; Child; Classification; Clinical; Cotinine; Coughing; Data; Dermal; Diagnosis; Dust; Electronic cigarette; Exposure to; Fingers; Foundations; Frequencies; Gold; Hand; Health; Health Care Visit; Health Hazards; Home environment; Hospitalization; Housing; Individual; Ingestion; Inhalation; Interview; Left; Link; Low income; Methods; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Nitrous Acid; Not Hispanic or Latino; Outcome; Oxidants; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Policies; Prevalence; Public Health; Recommendation; Reporting; Research; Risk; Sampling; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Source; Surface; Symptoms; Tobacco; Tobacco smoke; Toxicant exposure; Urine; aged; base; carcinogenicity; classification algorithm; combustible cigarette; combustion product; demographics; e-cigarette aerosols; environmental tobacco smoke; environmental tobacco smoke exposure; health care service utilization; improved; innovation; insight; non-smoker; non-smoking; pollutant; prevent; remediation; secondary analysis; specific biomarkers; thirdhand smoke; tobacco products; toxicant; volatile organic compound

PROJECT SUMMARY Thirdhand smoke (THS) is a distinct public health hazard resulting from aged secondhand smoke (SHS) left behind from active smoking that absorbs into surfaces, dust, and furnishings. Multiple harmful toxicants are in THS including nicotine that reacts with ambient oxidants (e.g., nitrous acid) to create carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines and tobacco-nonspecific toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds. Electronic cigarette (EC) aerosol exposure is a source of tobacco-specific toxicants despite not generating by-products from combustion. Children are most vulnerable to THS and EC aerosol exposure and its related effects. SHS and THS differ in composition and can be assessed with biomarkers in biological samples of children with varying tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) levels, which is the cumulative exposure to SHS and THS. Methods to distinguish THS from SHS in nonsmokers are limited to assessing self-report, THS-related main metabolites and NNAL-to-cotinine ratios. Currently, there are no gold standard TSE biomarkers to differentiate exposure to THS from exposure to SHS or exposure to ECs from combustible tobacco products. Our research and others indicates child TSE results in negative health outcomes and EC aerosol exposure is linked with asthma symptoms. It is crucial to examine existing tobacco- specific and nonspecific biomarkers to assess children’s exposure to diverse tobacco/nicotine products and heterogeneous pollutants. This will provide insight on TSE classification in children and disentangle related health effects. Thus, we propose to conduct an innovative secondary analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2016 data. This project will be the first to examine the prevalence, contributions, and health risks of exposure to SHS and THS among children presumed to be unexposed to any tobacco smoke and among children exposed to EC aerosol only. We will examine multiple biomarkers since proportions in SHS, THS, and likely EC aerosol, differ. NHANES data will be analyzed to distinguish child TSE groups: 1) Mixed SHS and THS group (MEG): lives with nonsmokers or smokers of combustible products only, reported SHS; 2) Predominant THS group (TEG): lives with nonsmokers or smokers, no reported SHS; 3) Predominant EC group (ECG): lives with EC only users, reported EC aerosol exposure; and 4) No/minimal TSE group (NEG): lives with nonsmokers, no reported SHS. First, we will compare tobacco-specific biomarker data with interview data to validate self-report and distinguish children into TSE groups. Then, we will use classification algorithms to identify a set of tobacco-specific and nonspecific biomarkers and ratios that best differentiates between TSE groups. Lastly, associations between TSE groups and demographics, and clinical and healthcare utilization patterns will be examined. The potential for generating results to inform the FDA-CTP is substantial as the use of child TSE biomarkers is key to assess the levels of harm attributable to exposure from THS only and EC aerosol only, which are currently unknown.

项目概要 三手烟 (THS) 是由老年二手烟 (SHS) 造成的一种明显的公共健康危害 主动吸烟留下的残留物会吸收到表面、灰尘和家具中。多种有害毒物 THS 中含有尼古丁，尼古丁会与环境氧化剂（例如亚硝酸）发生反应，产生致癌物质 烟草特有的亚硝胺和烟草非特有的有毒物质，例如多环芳烃和 挥发性有机化合物。电子烟 (EC) 气溶胶暴露是烟草特异性物质的来源 尽管燃烧时不会产生副产品，但仍会产生有毒物质。儿童最容易受到 THS 和 EC 的影响 气溶胶暴露及其相关影响。 SHS 和 THS 的成分不同，可通过以下方式进行评估 不同烟草烟雾暴露（TSE）水平的儿童生物样本中的生物标志物，这是 SHS 和 THS 的累积暴露。在非吸烟者中区分 THS 和 SHS 的方法仅限于 评估自我报告、THS 相关的主要代谢物和 NNAL 与可替宁的比率。目前没有金币 标准 TSE 生物标志物，用于区分 THS 暴露与 SHS 暴露或 EC 暴露 可燃烟草制品。我们的研究和其他研究表明儿童 TSE 会对健康产生负面影响 结果和 EC 气溶胶暴露与哮喘症状有关。检查现有的烟草是至关重要的 用于评估儿童接触各种烟草/尼古丁产品的特定和非特定生物标志物，以及 异质污染物。这将提供对儿童 TSE 分类的见解并解开相关问题 健康影响。因此，我们建议对国民健康和营养进行创新的二次分析 考试调查 (NHANES) 2013-2016 数据。该项目将首先检查患病率， 假定未接触过任何二手烟的儿童中接触二手烟和二手烟的健康风险 烟草烟雾和仅暴露于 EC 气溶胶的儿童。我们将检查多种生物标志物 SHS、THS 和可能的 EC 气溶胶中的比例不同。将分析 NHANES 数据以区分儿童 TSE 群体： 1) 混合 SHS 和 THS 群体 (MEG)：与不吸烟者或仅吸烟者一起生活， 报告了二手烟； 2）主要THS群体（TEG）：与不吸烟者或吸烟者生活在一起，没有报告SHS； 3） 主要 EC 群体 (ECG)：与仅使用 EC 的使用者生活在一起，报告了 EC 气溶胶暴露； 4) 没有/最少 TSE 组 (NEG)：与不吸烟者住在一起，没有报告二手烟。首先，我们将比较烟草特异性生物标志物 数据与访谈数据相结合，以验证自我报告并将儿童区分为 TSE 组。然后，我们将使用 分类算法来识别一组烟草特异性和非特异性生物标志物以及最适合的比率 TSE 群体之间存在差异。最后，TSE 群体与人口统计数据和临床之间的关联 并将检查医疗保健利用模式。产生结果以供参考的潜力 FDA-CTP 意义重大，因为儿童 TSE 生物标志物的使用是评估危害程度的关键 仅归因于 THS 和 EC 气溶胶的暴露，目前尚不清楚。