Origins of ECoG

摘要 皮质电图 (ECoG) 使用许多传感器直接测量中尺度电势 来自大脑皮层表面的电位，称为皮质表面电位（CSEP）。虽然 ECoG 早已应用于临床，新改进的制造程序使设备成为可能 具有足够小的电极来记录非常高频的空间局部信号。这些 高频 CSEP 可能主要在单个皮质柱内产生，因此是一种 将大脑功能研究从局部微电路处理与广泛联系起来的理想信号 分布式计算。当前没有其他记录技术可以在这两种情况下提供这些信号 人类和动物模型。因此，ECoG 是基本方法之间的重要方法桥梁。 神经科学的发现以及我们对健康和疾病中人脑的理解。然而， ECoG 在基础神经科学中的应用以及在人类中充分发挥其潜力受到以下因素的阻碍： 对产生 CSEP 的精确生物物理过程缺乏了解。 我们合作设计了带有小电极的新型 ECoG 设备。有了这些 设备，我们发现 CSEP 包含多个不同的高频 (>100Hz) 分量， 它们在空间上局限于皮质柱的直径。这里我们建议直接使用 大鼠和小鼠的电生理监测和光遗传学扰动，结合 生物物理详细模拟揭示了这些不同频率成分的起源 ECoG 信号。我们假设不同的 CSEP 成分代表不同的细胞类型，并且 皮质柱内的层流源，从而在局部报告不同类型的信息 与这些来源相关的皮质网络 这项研究将提供对皮质细胞和生物物理起源的理解 表面电势。通过增强与不同来源相关的源的空间定位 CSEP 组件，我们将提高 ECoG 用于监测神经元的精度 处理。这将促进 ECoG 在基础神经科学中“柱状尺度”的应用 高时间分辨率分布式皮质处理的神经生理学监测。

ABSTRACT Electrocorticography (ECoG) uses many sensors to measure mesoscale electrical potentials directly from the surface of cerebral cortex, termed cortical surface electrical potentials (CSEPs). Though ECoG has long been used clinically, newly improved fabrication procedures have enabled devices with sufficiently small electrodes to record very high-frequency, spatially localized signals. These high-frequency CSEPs may be primarily generated within a single cortical column, and thus are an ideal signal to link investigation of brain function from local micro-circuit processing to broadly distributed computations. No other current recording technology provides these signals in both humans and animal models. ECoG is thus a critical methodological bridge between basic neuroscience findings and our understanding of the human brain in health and disease. However, adoption of ECoG for basic neuroscience, and realizing its full potentials in humans, is impeded by a lack of understanding of the precise biophysical processes that generate CSEPs. We have collaborated in the design of novel ECoG devices with small electrodes. With these devices, we discovered that CSEPs include multiple distinct high-frequency (>100Hz) components, which are spatially localized to the diameter of a cortical column. Here, we propose to use direct electrophysiological monitoring and optogenetic perturbations in rats and mice, combined with biophysically detailed simulations to reveal the origins of these distinct frequency components of ECoG signals. We hypothesize that distinct CSEP components represent distinct cell types and laminar sources within a cortical column, and thus report different types of information in the local cortical network associated with these sources This research will provide understanding of the cellular and biophysical origins of cortical surface electrical potentials. By enhancing the spatial localization of sources associated with distinct CSEP components, we will increase the precision with which ECoG can be used to monitor neuronal processing. This will advance the use of ECoG in basic neuroscience for ‘columnar scale’ neurophysiology monitoring of distributed cortical processing at high temporal resolution.