Functional role of the neocortico-rubro-olivo-cerebellar circuit on neocortex-induced cerebellar motor learning

新皮质-红橄榄-小脑回路对新皮质诱导的小脑运动学习的功能作用

• 批准号: 10053429
• 负责人: Shogo Ohmae
• 金额: $ 72万
• 依托单位: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10053429
• 关键词: Address; Anatomy; Anterior; Area; Ataxia; Blinking; Cell Nucleus; Cerebellum; Cerebrum; Characteristics; Cognitive; Conditioned Reflex; Data; Dependence; Disease; Educational process of instructing; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology (science); Evolution; Fiber; Functional disorder; Goals; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Inferior; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Light; Mediating; Methods; Motor; Movement; Muscle Contraction; Neocortex; Olives - dietary; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Pharmacology; Positioning Attribute; Property; Red nucleus structure; Rehabilitation therapy; Reporting; Role; Signal Transduction; Techniques; Testing; Time; base; cognitive ability; cognitive function; experimental study; eyeblink conditioning; information processing; innovation; insight; language processing; motor control; motor learning; neocortical; novel; novel strategies; optogenetics; parvocellular; somatosensory; therapy development

PROJECT SUMMARY The cerebellum performs information processing for motor control and various cognitive functions in cooperation with the cerebral neocortex. One of the anatomical bases for this coordination is the projection from the neocortex to the cerebellum via the parvocellular red nucleus (RNp) and the inferior olive (IO). Because this circuit contains an olivo-cerebellar projection, which is the pathway for the teaching signal to the cerebellum, it has been hypothesized that the neocortical signal of the neocortico-rubro-olivo-cerebellar circuit drives the cerebellar learning to lead the cerebello-neocortical coordination. However, it remains a long- standing theroretical hypothesis due to the lack of substantive experiments. In order to test the hypothesis for the first time, I will examine (1) whether a neocortical signal evoked by electrical stimulation can be a teaching signal to induce cerebellar motor learning, and (2) whether the learning is mediated by the neocortico-rubro- olivo-cerebellar circuit. This will be accomplished by a new approach using the eyeblink conditioning with neocortical US signal, because the eyeblink conditioning paradigm can detect the cerebellar component as an anticipatory eyeblink conditioned response. Also, we will test the cerebellum dependence by inactivating anterior interpositus nucleus. The results of experiments will reveal the functional role of the neocortico-rubro- olivo-cerebellar circuit in motor learning and will give us insights into its role in cognitive ability, because the circuit originates in a wide range of the neocortex including higher cognitive association areas. To understand a new mechanism for cerebello-neocortical coordination will provide a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology due to its impairments and lead new treatment and rehabilitation methods.

项目概要 小脑执行运动控制和各种认知功能的信息处理 与大脑新皮质的合作。这种协调的解剖学基础之一是投影 从新皮质通过小细胞红核（RNp）和下橄榄核（IO）到达小脑。 因为这个电路包含一个橄榄小脑投射，它是教学信号到达大脑的通路。 小脑，据推测，新皮质-红-橄榄-小脑回路的新皮质信号 驱动小脑学习，引导小脑-新皮质协调。然而，它仍然是一个长期的 由于缺乏实质性实验，停留在理论假设上。为了检验假设 第一次，我将研究（1）电刺激引起的新皮质信号是否可以作为教学 诱导小脑运动学习的信号，以及（2）学习是否由新皮质红细胞介导 橄榄小脑回路。这将通过使用眨眼调节的新方法来完成 新皮质 US 信号，因为眨眼条件反射范式可以将小脑成分检测为 预期性眨眼条件反射。此外，我们将通过灭活来测试小脑依赖性 前间质核。实验结果将揭示新皮质红细胞的功能作用 橄榄小脑回路在运动学习中的作用，将使我们深入了解其在认知能力中的作用，因为 该回路起源于新皮质的广泛范围，包括高级认知关联区域。要了解 小脑-新皮质协调的新机制将提供对小脑-新皮质协调的更深入的理解 病理生理学因其损伤而引领新的治疗和康复方法。