Jim Crow in the Asylum: Psychiatry and Civil Rights in the American South

凯莉·M·史密斯博士申请NLM G13。 书名：《精神病院里的吉姆·克罗：美国南部的精神病学和民权》 摘要： 心理健康方面的差距，特别是对少数民族和非裔美国人来说，有很长一段时间 和复杂的历史。吉姆·克罗在精神病院：美国的精神病学和民权 南方，分析了佐治亚州精神病院的隔离做法和政治， 20世纪60年代和70年代的阿拉巴马州和密西西比州。该项目特别关注 1964年《民权法案》和1965年《医疗保险和医疗补助》对 国家机构，表明对种族隔离问题采取不同的办法 对这些州的服务造成了不同的后果。在20世纪60年代，一些精神健康问题 专业人士和民权律师试图改变服务的方式 被提供，病人被照顾。阿拉巴马州在这一时期特别重要，因为 法官弗兰克·约翰逊的司法激进主义，他在一些医疗案件中做出了有利于患者的裁决 种族隔离和最低标准案件开创了全国先例。尽管重要的是 约翰逊的国家精神健康法法院，目前还没有关于这一过程的现有研究 阿拉巴马州或邻近的佐治亚州或邻近州的精神病院废除种族隔离 密西西比州人对立法和文化变革有自己独特的反应。同样， 没有对种族主义精神病学思想的长期影响进行分析， 加剧了这些州的不平等。这个项目的目的是在最近的奖学金基础上扩大 专注于北方各州的精神病学历史，通过分析遗产的方式 种族隔离的影响塑造了南方精神卫生服务的发展。……的到来 医疗保险和医疗补助基金为政府和司法执行第六条提供了筹码 《民权法案》，最终强制正式取消这些设施的种族隔离。然而， 潜在的种族主义态度更难改变。这些态度可以与当前 精神卫生保健方面的差距以及精神疾病与群众之间的复杂关系 监禁。

Dr Kylie M. Smith NLM G13 Application. Title: Jim Crow in the Asylum: Psychiatry and Civil Rights in the American South Abstract: Disparities in mental health, especially for minorities and African Americans, have a long and complex history. Jim Crow in the Asylum: Psychiatry and Civil Rights in the American South, analyzes the practices and politics of segregation in psychiatric institutions in Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi in the 1960s and 70s. The project pays particular attention to the impact of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Medicare and Medicaid in 1965 on the operation of state institutions, demonstrating that different approaches to the issues of racial segregation had varied consequences for services in these states. During the 1960s a number of mental health professionals and Civil Rights lawyers attempted to change the ways in which services were provided and patients cared for. Alabama was particularly significant in this period as the judicial activism of Judge Frank Johnson, who ruled in favour of patients in a number of medical segregation and minimum standards cases, set national precedents. Despite the significance of Johnson's court for national mental health law, there is no existing research on the process of desegregation in the psychiatric hospitals of Alabama or neighboring states Georgia or Mississippi who had their own particular responses to legislative and cultural change. Similarly, there is no analysis of the long-term implications of the racist psychiatric thinking which underpinned disparities in these states. This project aims to expand on recent scholarship in the history of psychiatry that focuses on Northern states, by analyzing the ways in which the legacy of segregation has shaped the development of mental health services in the South. The advent of Medicare and Medicaid funds gave leverage to government and judicial enforcement of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, finally forcing the formal desegregation of these facilities. However, underlying racist attitudes were harder to shift. These attitudes can be linked to current disparities in mental health care and to the complex relationship between mental illness and mass incarceration.