Neural mechanisms of long-term plasticity in human visual cortex

人类视觉皮层长期可塑性的神经机制

• 批准号: 10066174
• 负责人: Katherine Elizabeth Mussell Tregillus
• 金额: $ 6.74万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-26 至 2022-08-25
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10066174
• 关键词: Adult; Afterimage; Amblyopia; Behavioral; Brain; Color; Data; Data Analyses; Development; Development Plans; Environment; Equilibrium; Exposure to; Eye; Eye Color; Feedback; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Human; Illusions; Image; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Light; Measurement; Methods; Minnesota; Modeling; Modernization; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Neurosciences; Ocular dominance columns; Paper; Pattern; Perception; Population; Process; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Resolution; Signal Transduction; Source; Statistical Data Interpretation; Stimulus; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Translating; Translations; Universities; V1 neuron; Vision Disorders; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Illusions; Visual system structure; Work; area V4; area striata; base; brain disorder therapy; career; career development; clinical application; data modeling; experimental study; improved; monocular; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; relating to nervous system; response; theories; therapy development; ultra high resolution; visual adaptation; visual processing

Summary Neuroplasticity is key to rehabilitation from visual deficits. Yet, visual neural plasticity in adults remains poorly understood. This is especially true in primary visual cortex (V1), where methods for producing long-lasting adult neural plasticity have yet to be thoroughly established. The proposed research aims to overcome this roadblock by investigating the neural bases of the McCollough Effect (ME), a visual illusion produced by viewing colored, oriented patterns that causes black and white patterns to appear colorful. The ME can endure for weeks, indicating that it produces long-lasting changes in the visual system. The neural loci and mechanisms producing it remain under debate, however. Behavioral work suggests that the ME likely arises at a very early level of visual processing. However, past neuroimaging results have failed to support this claim, and the specific neural subpopulations that produce ME have yet to be identified. The current proposal contains a comprehensive investigation of the ME using fMRI to clarify its poorly understood neural bases. In Aim 1, multivariate pattern analysis will test whether neural populations underlying the ME are located in V1. A classifier will be trained to distinguish patterns of activity in V1 arising from black and white vs colorful patterns, using data gathered prior to induction of the ME. If V1 is the locus of the ME, then following its induction, the same classifier should categorize responses to black and white patterns as colorful, matching perception. Aim 2 will use ultra-high-resolution fMRI to test whether effects of an ME induced in one eye localize to ocular dominance columns containing neurons selective for that eye, as suggested by behavioral work. The high-resolution data will be further characterized using a forward modeling technique that disentangles the relative responses and gain changes of different color-sensitive neural populations. Together, these experiments will test the hypothesis that the McCollough Effect arises from gain changes in populations of eye- and color- selective neurons in V1, demonstrating feed-forward neural plasticity in adult primary visual cortex. This work is part of a research training and career development plan for Dr. Katherine E.M. Tregillus, conducted at the University of Minnesota under the co-sponsorship of Dr. Stephen Engel and Dr. Cheryl Olman. The work is a logical extension of previous research from the three investigators, and the University of Minnesota provides an ideal environment for carrying it out. The proposed research will advance understanding of neuroplasticity and provide the basis for the applicant’s independent career, where she intends to translate her work on long-term adaptation to clinical applications. For example, paradigms similar to the ME could be developed to balance the gain of the two eyes in amblyopia, or to improve the gain of color-opponent signals in color anomalous observers.

总结 神经可塑性是视觉缺陷康复的关键。然而，成年人的视觉神经可塑性 仍然知之甚少。这在初级视觉皮层（V1）中尤其如此，其中用于 产生持久的成人神经可塑性还没有完全建立。拟议 研究的目的是通过调查麦科洛效应的神经基础来克服这一障碍 (ME)，一种视觉错觉，由观看彩色，定向图案，导致黑色和白色 使图案看起来丰富多彩。ME可以持续数周，表明它产生持久的 视觉系统的变化。产生它的神经位点和机制仍在争论中， 然而.行为研究表明，ME可能出现在视觉处理的早期阶段。 然而，过去的神经影像学结果未能支持这一说法，特定的神经系统 产生ME的亚群还有待鉴定。目前的提案包括一个 使用功能磁共振成像对ME进行全面调查，以澄清其鲜为人知的神经基础。在 目的1，多变量模式分析将测试是否神经群体潜在的ME定位 在V1中。将训练分类器以区分V1中由黑色和白色引起的活动模式 vs彩色模式，使用ME诱导前收集的数据。如果V1是ME的位点，那么 在其归纳之后，同一分类器应该将对黑色和白色模式的响应分类为 丰富多彩的，匹配的感知。Aim 2将使用超高分辨率的功能性磁共振成像来测试 在一只眼睛中诱导的ME定位于眼优势柱，所述眼优势柱含有对所述眼优势柱具有选择性的神经元。 眼睛，正如行为工作所建议的那样。高分辨率数据将使用 正演模拟技术，该技术解开不同的相对响应和增益变化 对颜色敏感的神经群体。总之，这些实验将测试假设， McCollough效应源于眼睛和颜色选择性群体中的增益变化。 V1神经元，证明成人初级视觉皮层的前馈神经可塑性。这 工作是凯瑟琳E.M.博士研究培训和职业发展计划的一部分。特雷吉利斯， 在明尼苏达大学进行的共同赞助下，博士斯蒂芬恩格尔和博士。 谢丽尔·奥尔曼这项工作是三位研究人员先前研究的逻辑延伸， 明尼苏达大学提供了一个理想的环境来实施它。拟议研究 将推进对神经可塑性的理解，并为申请人的独立研究提供基础。 职业生涯，在那里她打算把她的工作长期适应临床应用。为 例如，可以开发类似于ME的范例来平衡两只眼睛的增益， 弱视，或改善颜色异常观察者的颜色对手信号的增益。