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Health and Outcomes of Divorced Individuals: The Role of Resources

离婚者的健康和结果：资源的作用

基本信息

批准号：
10056531
负责人：
Kathryn Anne Edwards
金额：
$ 10.21万
依托单位：
RAND CORPORATION
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-09-15 至 2022-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10056531
关键词：
Adopted Age Birth Child Child Custody Child Support Code Communities Couples Data Data Set Divorce Eating Economics Elderly Exercise Family Future Gender Health Health Status Health and Retirement Study Income Individual Investigation Joints Laws Life Life Cycle Stages Living Standards Maps Marriage Measures Methodology Observational Study Outcome Pattern Peer Review Population Poverty Process Property Publishing Recording of previous events Research Research Personnel Resources Rest Retirement Rights Role Self Care Social Change Social Environment Societies Source Spouses Statutes and Laws Subgroup Surveys Time United States Social Security Administration Update Variant Woman Work academic review acute stress base biological sex cohort demographics econometrics economic cost experience falls high risk instrument journal article labor force participation men novel payment preference programs success trend virtual

项目摘要

Divorced individuals have worse health than married individuals, a trend that can persist over the life course. Although both partners experience the acute stress of the divorce process, differential gender patterns emerge in longer-term health outcomes. Post-divorce, men’s decline in health is attributed to a reduction in self-care, such as eating unhealthily, reducing exercise, and going to the doctor less; Women’s decline in health is attributed to permanently reduced economic circumstances. But there is reason to think that, in the future, these classic gender interpretations may not apply to the same degree due to a changing demographic and economic context. Individuals marry at later ages and the relative economic status of men and women (inside and outside of marriage) has grown much closer. If the economic costs to divorce are more evenly shared than in the past, then the expected health effects of divorce may change as well for both men and women. But virtually all prior work is based on correlation, and the demographic and economic changes are endogenous, leaving little to predict how health may change with changes in post- divorce financial resources. Yet, there is a third changing context to divorce, one that allows for causal identification. The family law statutes determining property allocation and alimony arrangements—the post- divorce financial resources individuals have rights to—also evolved over this time period. Critically, these statutes have varied across states and within states over time, providing exogenous state-by-year variation in post-divorce financial resources. This investigation uses that variation—a novel source of identification that we are the first to apply—to causally identify the relationship between post-divorce resources and health. We use the Health and Retirement Study for our analysis. For divorces observed while in the HRS, we can use family law to instrument for post-divorce wealth and income, and regress health on predicted wealth and income. For all divorces, including those that occurred prior to the HRS observation, we can regress health directly on family law measures. Both are exogenous, the former estimates the causal effect of resources on divorcee health, the latter estimates the causal effect of family law regime on divorcee health, staying agnostic of mechanism. Given the demographic and economic changes that occurred over the same period and given that the effect of family law on resources varies among divorcees—for some it could be fundamental, for others marginal—we identify key demographic and economic subgroups. We map these subgroups over time and cohorts using the HRS and the Survey of Income and Program Participation Synthetic Beta (SSB) and stratify our regression results by those groups. This allows us to compare the health effects across key groups and show if those groups are rising or falling as a share of the divorced population. To support future researchers, we will publish the code, methodology, and guide to our family law dataset, extending the impact of the novel identification strategy that we develop.

离婚的人比已婚的人健康状况更差，这种趋势可能会持续一生。当然了虽然双方都经历了离婚过程的严重压力，在长期健康结果中出现模式。离婚后，男性健康状况的下降归因于自我保健减少，如饮食不健康，减少运动，少去看医生;妇女健康状况的下降是由于经济状况长期恶化。但我们有理由认为在未来，这些经典的性别解释可能不适用于相同的程度，由于一个不断变化的人口和经济背景。个人结婚年龄较晚，男子的相对经济地位女人（婚姻内外）变得更加亲密。如果离婚的经济成本如果离婚率比过去更平均，那么离婚对健康的预期影响也可能会改变，不论男女。但实际上所有先前的工作都是基于相关性，人口统计学和经济变化是内生的，几乎无法预测健康如何随着后经济时代的变化而变化。离婚的经济来源。然而，离婚还有第三个不断变化的背景，一个允许因果关系的背景，识别.确定财产分配和赡养费支付的家庭法法规-后离婚的财务资源个人有权-也在这段时间内演变。关键是，这些随着时间的推移，各州之间和各州内部的法规各不相同，这就造成了各州每年的外部变化离婚后的经济来源。这项调查使用了这种变异-一种新的识别来源我们是第一个应用-因果地确定离婚后资源和健康我们使用健康和退休研究进行分析。对于在HRS观察到的离婚，我们可以利用家庭法来衡量离婚后的财富和收入，并根据预测的健康状况回归健康。财富和收入。对于所有离婚，包括HRS观察之前发生的离婚，我们可以将健康状况直接归咎于家庭法措施。两者都是外生的，前者估计因果效应后一项估计了家庭法律制度对离婚者健康的因果影响健康，保持机制不可知论。考虑到2010年发生的人口和经济变化，同一时期，鉴于家庭法对资源的影响因离婚而异，对一些人来说，可能是根本性的，对于其他边缘化的人，我们确定了关键的人口和经济分组。我们使用HRS和收入和计划调查，绘制这些子组随时间和群组的分布图参与合成Beta（SSB），并按这些组对我们的回归结果进行分层。这使我们能够比较关键群体的健康影响，并显示这些群体在人口中所占的比例是上升还是下降。离婚人口。为了支持未来的研究人员，我们将发布代码，方法和指南，家庭法数据集，扩展我们开发的新识别策略的影响。