Breast milk microbiome in relation to maternal helminth infection status

摘要 营养不良是五岁以下儿童的一个重大健康风险，特别是在低收入和低收入国家。 中等收入国家（LMIC）。母乳中的微生物组最近被认为 有助于成熟婴儿肠道的定植，这随后与健康生长有关， 孩子的营养状况。蠕虫感染，包括血吸虫病和钩虫感染， 与受影响个体肠道中的微生物易位有关，导致生态失调 在循环中可检测到。我们小组的初步数据显示， 孕妇血吸虫病和/或钩虫病和总蛋白的发病率较高， 母乳中的乳铁蛋白水平较低。 这一建议是第一次审查血吸虫病和/或钩虫对 母乳中的微生物组，这可能是婴儿肠道定植和长期 孩子的成长轨迹。我们将利用来自正在进行的NIAID资助的K 01研究的样本 评估母亲血吸虫病对婴儿代谢程序的影响。 具体目标1将确定母乳中的微生物组是否在母体蠕虫的情况下发生改变 感染我们将使用16 S扩增子和全基因组鸟枪测序来鉴定独特的 来自一个月龄婴儿的母乳样本以及母亲粪便中的微生物特征， 皮肤样本将检查乳汁或肠道微生物组中占优势的属，以检验假设 肠道微生物不适当地存在于受寄生虫感染的妇女的母乳中。 具体目标2将研究母乳微生物组与婴儿营养质量之间的关系。 牛奶我们将测量脂肪、蛋白质、α-乳白蛋白、乳糖、免疫球蛋白A水平和体细胞 在一个月、三个月、六个月和十二个月的婴儿年龄时收集的母乳样本中的计数。 这项工作将是第一次调查有关之间的关系，产妇蠕虫感染 和母乳的微生物组，以及对母乳营养质量的影响。项目 对婴儿的长期成长有重要意义。

ABSTRACT Undernutrition is a significant health risk for children under the age of five, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The microbiome of breast milk has recently been suggested to contribute to colonization of a maturing infant gut, which is subsequently linked to healthy growth and nutritional status of the child. Helminth infections, including schistosomiasis and hookworm infections, have been associated with microbial translocation across the affected individual's gut, causing dysbiosis detectable in circulation. Preliminary data from our group show that endotoxin levels in the circulation of pregnant women are higher in cases of either schistosomiasis and/or hookworm and total protein and lactoferrin levels in breast milk are lower. This proposal is the first to examine the impact of schistosomiasis and/or hookworm on the microbiome of breast milk, which can be a critical player in colonization of the infant gut and long-term growth trajectory of the child. We will leverage samples from an ongoing NIAID funded K01 study evaluating the impact of maternal schistosomiasis on metabolic programming of the infant. Specific Aim 1 will determine if the microbiome of breast milk is altered in cases of maternal helminth infection. We will use 16S amplicon and whole genome shotgun sequencing to identify the unique microbial signature in breast milk samples from one month of infant age as well as maternal stool and skin samples. Genera dominant in either milk or gut microbiome will be examined to test the hypothesis that gut microbes are inappropriately present in breast milk of helminth infected women. Specific Aim 2 will examine the relationship between breast milk microbiome and nutritional quality of milk. We will measure fat, protein, alpha-lactalbumin, lactose, immunoglobulin A levels and somatic cell counts in breast milk samples collected at one, three, six and twelve months of infant age. This work will be the first investigation regarding the association between maternal helminth infection and the microbiome of breast milk, as well as impacts on nutritional quality of breast milk. The project has important implications for long-term infant growth.