Animal Assisted Intervention with Dogs for Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; Exploring Candidate Physiological Markers of Response to AAI

对患有注意力缺陷/多动症儿童的狗进行动物辅助干预；

• 批准号: 10076571
• 负责人: Sabrina Elayne Brierley Schuck
• 金额: $ 23.55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-11 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10076571
• 关键词: Acute; Animals; Arousal; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Autonomic nervous system; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Biosocial; Canis familiaris; Child; Development; Dopamine; Evidence based intervention; Foundations; Healthcare; Hydrocortisone; Individual Differences; Integrative Medicine; Intervention; Life; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Modeling; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Norepinephrine; Outcome; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physiological; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevalence; Randomized Clinical Trials; Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials; Research; Risk; Role; Salivary; Site; Social Interaction; System; Time; United States; Uric Acid; Work; alpha-amylase; behavioral outcome; cognitive function; cost; executive function; heart rate variability; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; improved; improved outcome; psychosocial; response; response biomarker; side effect; social; treatment adherence; treatment response

SSCHUCK_R21_20-033 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly occurring neurodevelopmental disorder in the United States, with current prevalence between 8% and 11% (Visser et al., 2014). Evidence-based interventions include stimulant medications and psychosocial treatments but these practices are not always feasible or acceptable due to adverse side-effects, cost, availability, and poor treatment adherence and these children remain at significant risk for poor life outcomes. ADHD is considered to be a result of a physiological disruption of select catecholaminergic systems (e.g. dopamine, norepinephrine) and related under-arousal of cognitive functions of the pre-frontal cortex involved in executive functioning (EF; Godinez et al., 2015). Research indicates that AAI with dogs is effective for improving social-behavioral outcomes related to EF deficits (Schuck, et al., 2018a; 2018b). The mechanisms by which AAI improves outcomes for this group and mediators of these outcomes, however, is not yet understood. These gaps in understanding hinder progress in the application of AAI, and limit the acceptability and availability of this integrative health care practice. Our bio-social mechanistic hypothesis contends that dogs elicit physiological responses related to arousal of EF systems, thereby enhancing response to treatments. Furthermore, candidate individual differences potentially mediate outcomes. This work will explore these hypotheses by: 1) replicating findings from our previous AAI RCT, 2) exploring physiological responses to AAI over time, and 3) ascertaining if individual differences during AAI mediate primary and/or exploratory main outcomes. We suspect AAI will result in enhanced social-behavioral outcomes and improved diurnal patterns of HPA and ANS activity for these children. Furthermore, we suspect acute physiological responses to AAI (markers of HPA & ANS) and social interaction quality (child/child and child/dog) will mediate main outcomes. To explore these hypotheses, we will conduct an exploratory parallel-group randomized controlled clinical trial with 48 young children with ADHD, participating in psychosocial intervention with or without AAI using our manualized AAI model developed and found successful in our prior work. This work will yield the first information on candidate mechanisms thought to play an important role in AAI for children with ADHD, thus laying foundations for development of a fully powered, multi-site randomized clinical trial aimed to better inform approaches and promote acceptability and availability of AAI for children with special needs. Animal Assisted Intervention with Dogs for Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; Exploring Candidate Physiological Markers of Response to AAI

SSCHUCK_R21_20-033 项目总结/摘要 注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是最常见的 神经发育障碍在美国，目前的患病率在8%和 11%（Visser等人，2014年）。循证干预措施包括兴奋剂药物和 心理治疗，但这些做法并不总是可行或可接受的， 不良副作用、成本、可用性和治疗依从性差，这些儿童仍然 有很大的风险会导致不良的生活结果。ADHD被认为是一种生理性的结果。 选择性儿茶酚胺能系统（如多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素）和相关系统的破坏 参与执行功能的前额叶皮层认知功能唤醒不足 (EF; Godinez等人，2015年）。研究表明，与狗AAI是有效的改善 与EF缺陷相关的社会行为结果（Schuck，et al.，2018年a; 2018年b）。的 AAI改善这一群体结果的机制以及这些机制的调解人 然而，成果尚不清楚。这些认识上的差距阻碍了 AAI的应用，并限制了这种综合健康的可接受性和可用性 护理实践。我们的生物社会机制假说认为，狗引起的生理 与EF系统的唤醒相关的反应，从而增强对治疗的反应。 此外，候选人的个体差异可能介导的结果。这项工作将 通过以下方式探索这些假设：1）复制我们之前AAI RCT的发现，2）探索 随着时间的推移对AAI的生理反应，以及3）确定AAI期间的个体差异是否 介导主要和/或探索性主要结局。我们怀疑AAI会增强 社会行为结果和改善HPA和ANS活动的昼夜模式， 孩子此外，我们怀疑对AAI的急性生理反应（HPA & ANS）和社会互动质量（儿童/儿童和儿童/狗）将介导主要结果。到 为了探索这些假设，我们将进行一项探索性的平行组随机对照研究。 一项临床试验，48名患有ADHD的幼儿参与了心理社会干预， 在没有AAI的情况下，使用我们在先前工作中开发并成功发现的手动AAI模型。 这项工作将产生候选机制的第一个信息，认为发挥重要作用， 在ADHD儿童的AAI中发挥作用，从而为发展一个完全动力， 多中心随机临床试验，旨在更好地告知方法并促进可接受性 以及为有特殊需要的儿童提供AAI。 注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的犬辅助干预研究 AAI应答的候选生理标志物研究