How Fear Learning Alters Sensory Representations of Threat Predictive Stimuli
恐惧学习如何改变威胁预测刺激的感官表征
基本信息
- 批准号:10087959
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 50.92万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2013
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2013-07-01 至 2023-11-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AcuteAmericanAmygdaloid structureAnimalsAnxietyAnxiety DisordersApicalAttentionAversive StimulusAxonBehaviorBehavioralBeliefBiologicalBrainCategoriesCellsClinicalCuesDangerousnessDataDendritesDiseaseExhibitsExposure toExtinction (Psychology)FeelingFrightFundingFutureGenetic EngineeringHypersensitivityImageInterneuronsLearningMental DepressionMental HealthModelingMotivationMusNegative ReinforcementsNeurobiologyNeuronsOdorsOlfactory NerveOlfactory PathwaysOutputPatientsPeripheralPersonsPlayPsychological reinforcementReactionResearchRestRoleScienceSensoryShockSignal TransductionStimulusSymptomsSystemTestingTrainingTraumaanxiety symptomsattentional biasbaseclinically relevantconditioningexperienceexperimental studyfollow-upinsightmouse modelneural circuitneurosensorynoradrenergicnovelnovel therapeuticsolfactory bulbpost-traumatic symptomsprotective behaviorrelating to nervous systemresponsesensory inputsensory stimulussensory systemspatiotemporaltraumatic eventtreatment of anxiety disordersvigilance
项目摘要
Threatening or aversive stimuli normally evoke healthy fear, in which the brain’s defensive motivational systems
drive protective behaviors. When a person or animal learns that a particular sensory stimulus predicts future
harm, that stimulus begins to evoke fearful reactions as well. This is called learned fear. Sensory stimuli that are
physically similar or conceptually related to the threat-predictive stimulus normally also evoke fear because of
the reasonable belief that they might also predict future harm. This is called generalization of learned fear, and
it is a normal part of healthy fear. However, many Americans suffer from disordered fear, in which the feeling of
acute threat (fear) or potential threat (anxiety) generalizes to inappropriate stimuli and situations that may
resemble or be associated with traumatic events but do not actually indicate an impending threat. Figuring out
how to limit generalization so that a patient is only fearful in appropriate situations is a key practical challenge
for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Most research on the biological basis of anxiety disorders and learned
fear has focused on the mechanisms by which the brain learns the initial fear and extrapolates fearful behavior
across situations. However, evidence is accumulating that learned fear also evokes profound changes in the
brain’s sensory systems. This includes becoming hyper-sensitive and hyper-responsive to threat-predictive
stimuli in ways that may underlie common post-traumatic symptoms like hyper-vigilance and attentional bias
toward threat-predictive stimuli. In the previous project period we used a mouse model to observe how the
neurobiology of the olfactory system is changed during appropriate fear and observed that fear learning makes
the olfactory system selectively hyper-responsive to threat-predictive odor, generating a neural “alarm signal” as
early as the sensory input to the brain. In contrast, in this project period we will explore the more clinically-
relevant situation of fear generalization, where initial trauma evokes fear of new stimuli that may not actually
predict a threat. In preliminary experiments we employed an experimental paradigm in which mice undergo a
traumatic experience associated with a particular odor but then generalize their fear across many novel odors.
We will test whether this experience causes the olfactory system to become non-selectively hyper-responsive to
many dissimilar odors, which might drive downstream responding as if the new odors are dangerous. We will
also investigate the neural circuitry by which information about the traumatic event reaches the olfactory system
and induces change in the response to many different odors. Finally, we will evaluate multiple candidate
approaches to reverse the behavioral and sensory consequences of fear generalization, including comparing
conventional exposure (a.k.a. extinction) therapy using the original trauma-associated odor with new therapy
paradigms intended to “refine” the generalized fear either through repeated exposure to novel stimuli or through
follow-up fear training in which the trauma is explicitly paired with actually predictive stimuli but not with non-
threatening stimuli.
威胁或厌恶的刺激通常会引起健康的恐惧,在这种恐惧中,大脑的防御动机系统
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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John P McGann其他文献
John P McGann的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('John P McGann', 18)}}的其他基金
How Fear Learning Alters Sensory Representations of Threat Predictive Stimuli
恐惧学习如何改变威胁预测刺激的感官表征
- 批准号:
10312005 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 50.92万 - 项目类别:
Cognitive modulation of primary sensory processing in olfactory receptor neurons
嗅觉受体神经元初级感觉处理的认知调节
- 批准号:
8595430 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 50.92万 - 项目类别:
Fear learning alters primary sensory representations of threat-predictive stimuli
恐惧学习改变了威胁预测刺激的主要感官表征
- 批准号:
8848430 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 50.92万 - 项目类别:
Fear learning alters primary sensory representations of threat-predictive stimuli
恐惧学习改变了威胁预测刺激的主要感官表征
- 批准号:
8561257 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 50.92万 - 项目类别:
Fear learning alters primary sensory representations of threat-predictive stimuli
恐惧学习改变了威胁预测刺激的主要感官表征
- 批准号:
9069084 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 50.92万 - 项目类别:
How Fear Learning Alters Sensory Representations of Threat Predictive Stimuli
恐惧学习如何改变威胁预测刺激的感官表征
- 批准号:
10741571 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 50.92万 - 项目类别:
Sex differences in the neurophysiology of the olfactory system
嗅觉系统神经生理学的性别差异
- 批准号:
8803006 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 50.92万 - 项目类别:
Fear learning alters primary sensory representations of threat-predictive stimuli
恐惧学习改变了威胁预测刺激的主要感官表征
- 批准号:
8686085 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 50.92万 - 项目类别:
Cognitive modulation of primary sensory processing in olfactory receptor neurons
嗅觉受体神经元初级感觉处理的认知调节
- 批准号:
8676775 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 50.92万 - 项目类别:
Cognitive modulation of primary sensory processing in olfactory receptor neurons
嗅觉受体神经元初级感觉处理的认知调节
- 批准号:
9450926 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 50.92万 - 项目类别:
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