Role of cortical interneurons in visual perception

皮质中间神经元在视觉感知中的作用

• 批准号: 10246178
• 负责人: William David Hendricks
• 金额: $ 6.64万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10246178
• 关键词: Behavior; Behavioral Assay; Biology; Brain; Calcium; Cells; Code; Dependence; Environment; Genetic Transcription; Image; Interneurons; Lead; Link; Mediating; Medical; Mental disorders; Methodology; Mus; Nature; Neocortex; Nerve Block; Neurons; Neurosciences; Pattern; Perception; Photons; Population; Process; Property; Pyramidal Cells; Recurrence; Resolution; Role; Sensory; Shapes; Somatostatin; Stimulus; Structure; System; Testing; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Work; area striata; base; cell type; experience; experimental study; in vivo; millisecond; nervous system disorder; neural circuit; neural correlate; neural patterning; optogenetics; orientation selectivity; receptive field; relating to nervous system; response; segregation; sensory stimulus; tool; two-photon; visual stimulus

Project Summary In mammalian neocortex, sensory stimulation evokes highly structured patterns of neural activity. How groups of neurons with specific patterns of neural activity encode information is a question remaining at the forefront of systems neuroscience. Recurrent connections between cells with similar response properties are proposed to amplify stimulus features and serve as building blocks of neural ensembles, but how competing ensembles encoding different stimulus features interact to form a single coherent percept is unknown. In the case of vision, natural visual scenes are often comprised of multiple stimulus features that represent the subject or the background of a visual scene, each of which evoke competing and overlapping ensembles. Therefore, a fundamental computational problem for the brain is the parsing of salient features from the background of a visual scene. Cortical circuits must be able to quickly determine features that correlate to the primary figure and amplify ensembles encoding representation of those features. The overall hypothesis of this proposal is that like-to-like inhibition, mediated by somatostatin-expressing interneurons, suppresses competing ensembles to amplify ensembles encoding unique stimulus features. I hypothesize these mechanisms underly canonical cortical computations, such as surround suppression, as well as visual perceptual phenomena, such as figure-ground segregation. To test this hypothesis, this study uses a combination of in vivo holographic optogenetics, 2-photon calcium imaging, and behavioral assays in an effort to understand the mechanisms underlying the neural basis of perception. The specific aims of this project independently examine the circuit basis of orientation selectivity of surround suppression and tests whether these circuits are a neural correlate of figure-ground perception in mouse primary visual cortex. Taken together, these experiments will test the more fundamental ideas of the nature of neural circuits involved in perception and how percepts are represented in the brain. This proposal will therefore provide a basis for understanding psychiatric and neurological diseases that have yet eluded mechanistic understanding and medical treatment.

项目概要 在哺乳动物的新皮质中，感觉刺激会引发高度结构化的神经活动模式。如何分组 具有特定神经活动模式的神经元编码信息是一个仍然处于前沿的问题 系统神经科学。建议具有相似响应特性的细胞之间的循环连接 放大刺激特征并作为神经集合的构建块，但是竞争集合如何 编码不同的刺激特征相互作用以形成单一连贯的感知是未知的。如果是 视觉，自然视觉场景通常由代表主体或对象的多个刺激特征组成 视觉场景的背景，每个背景都会引起竞争和重叠的整体。因此，一个 大脑的基本计算问题是从背景中解析显着特征 视觉场景。皮质电路必须能够快速确定与主要图形相关的特征 并放大这些特征的集成编码表示。该提案的总体假设是 由表达生长抑素的中间神经元介导的相似抑制，抑制了竞争 集成来放大编码独特刺激特征的集成。我假设这些机制是潜在的 典型的皮质计算，例如环绕抑制，以及视觉感知现象，例如 作为图形与背景的分离。为了验证这一假设，本研究结合使用了体内全息技术 光遗传学、2 光子钙成像和行为分析，以了解其机制 感知的神经基础。该项目的具体目标是独立检查电路 环绕抑制的方向选择性的基础并测试这些电路是否是神经相关的 小鼠初级视觉皮层的图形-地面感知。总的来说，这些实验将测试 关于参与感知的神经回路的本质以及感知是如何产生的更基本的想法 代表在大脑中。因此，该提案将为理解精神病学和 尚未得到机械理解和医学治疗的神经系统疾病。