Engaging cognition during bilingual language processing

双语语言处理过程中的认知参与

• 批准号: 10262909
• 负责人: Christian Alberto Navarro-Torres
• 金额: $ 4万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-25 至 2021-09-24
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10262909
• 关键词: Academy; Adult; Affect; American; Arts; Attention; Behavioral; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive; Complex; Comprehension; Conflict (Psychology); Detection; Education; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Event-Related Potentials; Foundations; Frequencies; Goals; Immersion; Individual; Individual Differences; Language; Language Development; Linguistics; Longevity; Measures; Methods; Names; Neurosciences; Participant; Performance; Population; Postdoctoral Fellow; Process; Production; Reading; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Science; Series; Shapes; Spain; Testing; Time; bilingualism; cognitive control; cognitive function; cognitive task; executive function; experience; experimental study; improved; language processing; lexical; neuromechanism; recruit; response; skills; syntax; visual tracking

Project Summary/Abstract In the last two decades, researchers have made a series of discoveries about bilingualism that have advanced our understanding of the relations between language, cognition, and the brain. One is that the two languages compete for selection, suggesting bidirectional cross-language influences. Another is that using two or more languages has consequences for cognitive functioning across the lifespan. However, this research has only focused on the long-term consequences of bilingualism. Therefore, we do not yet understand how bilinguals draw from domain-general cognitive resources to enable the use of language in real time. Moreover, although heritage speakers and second-language learners are the predominant force of dual-language users in the US, most of the research examining the consequences of bilingualism comes from populations that are not representative of such experience in the US. The proposed research seeks to exploit convergence across two topics that have been largely studied in isolation: the consequences of bilingualism on language processing, and the consequences of bilingualism on cognition. Spanish-English bilinguals who are heritage speakers and are immersed in an English-dominant environment will be examined and compared to Spanish-English bilinguals immersed in a Spanish-dominant environment. Likewise, advanced classroom learners of Spanish will be compared to advanced learners of Spanish who are immersed in a Spanish-dominant environment while studying abroad. Two experiments will be conducted using a recently-developed cross-task adaptation paradigm that interleaves a Stroop task with a language processing task. This paradigm will allow us to measure how conflict experienced in a cognitive task affects conflict experienced during language processing (i.e., conflict adaptation), and to determine whether language immersion status modulates such conflict adaptation. In Experiment 1, electrophysiological responses (using Event-related-potentials; ERPs) will be examined while participants name pictures in Spanish and English. In Experiment 2, eye-tracking will be used to examine how participants process syntactically complex sentences while reading in each language. Unlike most previous research, where only one language and one linguistic feature is examined, this project will examine different linguistic features in both of a bilingual’s languages (i.e., lexical access in production and sentence processing during reading).

项目摘要/摘要 在过去的二十年中，研究人员对 双语主义使我们对语言之间的关系的理解提高了 认知和大脑。一种是两种语言竞争选择，建议 双向跨语言影响。另一个是使用两种或多种语言 整个寿命的认知功能的后果。但是，这项研究只有 专注于双语的长期后果。因此，我们还不了解 双语者如何从领域的认知资源中汲取灵感，以使语言在 即时的。而且，尽管传统演讲者和第二语言学习者是 在美国，双语言用户的主要力量，大多数研究 双语的后果来自不代表这样的人群 在美国的经验。 拟议的研究旨在利用两个主题的融合 在很大程度上是孤立的：双语对语言处理的后果，以及 双语对认知的后果。西班牙语英语双语者 演讲者并沉浸在英语主导的环境中，将被检查 与西班牙语英语的双语者相比，沉浸在西班牙主导的环境中。 同样，将西班牙语的高级课堂学习者与高级学习者进行比较 西班牙人在出国留学时沉浸在西班牙主导的环境中。二 实验将使用最近开发的跨任务适应范式进行 交织了一项语言处理任务的Stroop任务。这个范式将使我们能够 衡量认知任务中的冲突如何影响冲突 语言处理（即冲突适应），并确定语言是否浸入 状态调节这种冲突适应。在实验1中，电生理反应 （使用与事件相关的电信； ERP）将在参与者命名图片的同时进行检查 西班牙语和英语。在实验2中，将使用眼球跟踪来检查参与者的方式 在阅读每种语言时，处理句法复杂的句子。与大多数以前不同 研究，只有一种语言和一种语言特征，该项目将 在两种双语语言中检查不同的语言特征（即 阅读过程中的生产和句子处理）。