Studies of Non-Ionizing Radiation-Related Cancer

脑肿瘤的病例参考研究-04030 脑肿瘤和脑癌的病因学知之甚少，在过去的几十年中，记录的发病率急剧增加。针对这些发现，并进一步了解脑肿瘤的环境，行为和遗传原因，我们进行了恶性和良性脑肿瘤（神经胶质瘤，脑膜瘤和听神经瘤）的病例对照研究。在电工和农民中发现了神经胶质瘤的过度风险，在车身油漆工中发现了脑膜瘤的高风险。对电磁辐射、铅和农药进行了详细的职业暴露评估。电磁辐射与脑膜瘤无相关性，但脑膜瘤与铅相关。没有一致的证据表明任何六种氯化溶剂与神经胶质瘤或脑膜瘤的风险之间存在关联，尽管四氯化碳与神经胶质瘤风险之间存在关联的证据有限。最近的遗传分析表明，脑肿瘤的风险和细胞因子，细胞凋亡/细胞周期控制，DNA修复和氧化应激基因的多态性之间的关联。这些途径的发现正在更大和更全面的研究中进行。 手机使用与癌症风险 电离辐射已知会增加癌症风险，但没有一致的证据表明非电离射频辐射（手机）或磁场（电线和电器）暴露会增加癌症风险。 由于公众和国会的关注，辐射流行病学分支（REB）启动了一项早期病例对照研究，发现使用手机与神经胶质瘤、脑膜瘤或听神经瘤的风险之间没有关系。 由REB领导的一项关于美国胶质瘤发病率时间趋势的研究显示，尽管手机使用量急剧增加，但发病率没有上升。随后的REB评估表明，

Case referent study of brain tumors - 04030 The etiology of brain tumors and brain cancer is poorly understood, and recorded incidence rates have increased dramatically over the past several decades. In response to these findings, and to advance understanding of environmental, behavioral and genetic causes of brain tumors, we conducted a case-control study of malignant and benign brain tumors (glioma, meningioma and acoustic neuroma). Excess risks of glioma were found among electricians and farmers, and an elevated risk of meningioma was seen among auto-body painters. Detailed occupational exposure assessments were conducted for electromagnetic radiation, lead, and pesticides. No associations were seen for electromagnetic radiation, but an association was suggested for meningioma and lead. No consistent evidence was found of an association between any of six chlorinated solvents and risk of glioma or meningioma although there was limited evidence of an association between carbon tetrachloride and risk of glioma. Recent genetic analyses have indicated associations between brain tumor risk and polymorphisms in cytokine, apoptosis/cell cycle control, DNA repair and oxidative stress genes. Findings for these pathways are being followed up in larger and more comprehensive studies. Cellular Telephone Use and Cancer Risks Ionizing radiation is known to increase cancer risks, but there is no consistent evidence that non-ionizing radiofrequency radiation (cell phones) or magnetic field (power lines and electrical appliances) exposures increase cancer risk. As a result of public and Congressional concern, the Radiation Epidemiology Branch (REB) launched an early case-control study and found no relationship between cell phone use and risk of glioma, meningioma or acoustic neuroma. A study of time trends in glioma incidence in the U.S. led by REB showed no rise despite dramatic increases in cell phone use. A subsequent REB assessment demonstrated that the elevated gliom