Project 2: Behavior and Imaging

项目2-定量行为分析和成像-摘要 行为是系统神经科学的基础。它的定量描述和算法分析需要是 在生成任何大脑的真实电路模型的旅程中，第一步也是必不可少的一步。 无论是苍蝇、鱼、老鼠还是人，动物要想表现出有目的的行为，就必须具备计算能力。 能够将感觉输入的模式映射到运动输出的模式。感觉-运动标测的量化规律 定义了行为策略的算法。这些计算规则决定了潜在的神经回路是什么 实际上是在做。神经系统的关键测试是它是否能够为行为提供计算解决方案 这种动物在自然环境中面临的挑战。因此，决定问题的是行为算法 和任何神经实现模型的框架，因此有必要将行为转变为概念上的 可以完全集成遗传、解剖和生理数据的框架。 在项目2的第一部分中，我们描述了一组行为设置和分析，它们允许定量描述 鱼在不同细节和吞吐量水平上的行为。 执行这些算法的神经实现并为斑马鱼幼体生成逼真的全脑模型 除了电路的解剖结构外，我们还需要有关神经活动的详细信息 行为过程中的模式。为此，我们设计了各种与脑部成像兼容的分析方法 自由游动和拴系斑马鱼幼体的神经活动。这些检测与钙离子​+成像相结合是 在项目2的第二部分中描述。此外，因果关系测试和电路模型的严格验证 需要有针对性的扰动实验，在这些实验中，确定的神经细胞类型可以被沉默或在有针对性的 道路。本项目中描述的系留行为分析提供了在 受控行为范式的背景。 在项目2的第三部分中，我们通过描述这些分析的具体应用来说明其作用，从而得出结论 各种调节性神经递质，如催产素和5-羟色胺，在调节体内状态方面发挥作用，包括 饥饿、压力或孤独。

Project 2 - Quantitative behavioral analysis and imaging - Abstract Behavior is the foundation for systems neuroscience. Its quantitative description and algorithmic analyses need to be the first and essential step on the journey to generating a realistic circuit model of any brain. Whether fly, fish, rat or human, for an animal to exhibit purposeful behavior, it must be endowed with the computational ability to map patterns of sensory input to patterns of motor output. The quantifiable rules of sensory-motor mapping define the algorithms of behavioral strategy. These computational rules determine what the underlying neural circuits are actually doing. The critical test of a nervous system is whether it can provide computational solutions for behavioral challenges that the animal faces in natural environments. As such, it is the behavioral algorithms that dictate the questions and framework for any model of neural implementation and it is therefore necessary to turn behavior into a conceptual framework that can fully integrate genetic, anatomical, and physiological data. In the first part of Project 2, we describe a fleet of behavioral set-ups and assays that allow the quantitative description of fish behavior at various levels of detail and throughput. To perform a neural implementation of these algorithms and generate a realistic whole-brain model for larval zebrafish we need, in addition to knowledge about the anatomical structure of the circuits, detailed information about neural activity patterns during behavior. To that end, we have designed a variety of assays that are compatible with brainwide imaging of neural activity in freely swimming and tethered larval zebrafish. These assays in conjunction with Ca2​ + imaging are described in the second part of Project 2. Furthermore, tests for causality and the rigorous validation of circuit models require targeted perturbation experiments, where identified neuronal cell types can be silenced or activated in a targeted way. The tethered behavioral assays described in this project provide the ideal setting to perform such perturbations in the context of a controlled behavioral paradigm. We conclude, in the third part of Project 2, by describing a specific application of these assays that shed light on the role that various modulatory neurotransmitters, such as oxytocin and serotonin, play in regulating internal states involving hunger, stress or loneliness.