Bad Air Days: The Effect of Air Stagnation during Pregnancy on Birth Outcomes and Infant Mortality in the U.S. and Mexico

空气质量不佳的日子：怀孕期间空气停滞对美国和墨西哥的出生结果和婴儿死亡率的影响

• 批准号: 10260548
• 负责人: Shinsuke Tanaka
• 金额: $ 7.8万
• 依托单位: TUFTS UNIVERSITY MEDFORD
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-11 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10260548
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Air; Air Pollution; Area; Awareness; Biological; Birth; Birth Certificates; Characteristics; Climate; Country; Data; Data Reporting; Data Set; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Development; Dose; Economics; Education; Environment; Environmental Hazards; Environmental Health; Environmental Wind; Etiology; Event; Exposure to; Fetal health; Frequencies; Gender; Goals; Health; Health Hazards; Health Status; Heterogeneity; Household; Housing; Human; Incidence; Income; Individual; Infant; Infant Mortality; International; Knowledge; Lead; Literature; Location; Low Birth Weight Infant; Low income; Maternal Age; Maternal Exposure; Measures; Mexico; Michigan; Mission; Mothers; Neonatal Mortality; Newborn Infant; Outcome; Pattern; Pennsylvania; Personal Satisfaction; Policies; Policy Maker; Pollution; Population; Precipitation; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimesters; Pregnant Women; Premature Birth; Public Health; Race; Rain; Records; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Status; Speed; Surface; System; Temperature; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; Vulnerable Populations; Weather; Work; adverse birth outcomes; climate change; climate zone; coping; design; econometrics; evidence base; experience; extreme weather; health care availability; health care service; health economics; mortality; neonatal health; pollutant; prenatal exposure; response; unborn child

Project Summary/Abstract Despite the documented relationship between climate and extreme weather events, to date, there remain important gaps in scientific knowledge regarding how and the extent to which human health may be damaged by climate-related weather events, both directly and indirectly, domestically and internationally. We propose to identify air stagnation as a unique and critical environmental determinant of health and to assess its effects on newborns. Air stagnation, characterized by low wind and absence of precipitation, can lead to air pollution episodes and is expected to intensify and lengthen as a changing climate shifts global wind and precipitation patterns. However, little is known about its implications for human health. We focus on birth outcomes of newborns and infant mortality because evidence of the relationship between in-utero exposures to environmental hazards and fetal health and infant mortality remains insufficient to infer causality, the modes of exposure, sizes of the effects, and critical timings of the exposures. The analysis takes advantage of the unique and exogenous variation in daily air stagnation events and the comprehensive natality and mortality datasets with geocoded residential locations from Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Mexico collected for nearly a decade. These features allow us to precisely estimate the intensity of exposures to air stagnation experienced by individual mothers over the terms of their pregnancies by trimester. Our preliminary evidence, based on the monthly occurrence of air stagnation events in Michigan, indicates statistically and economically significant associations between air stagnation events during gestation and birth outcomes. Given these findings, we hypothesize that air stagnation is a critical environmental determinant of health, and we will assess its effects on newborns. We also hypothesize that there are important heterogeneities in the effects of air stagnation across different climate regions and demographic characteristics. These hypotheses will be addressed by the following Specific Aims: (1) Construct air stagnation events data at the daily level, which substantially refines the estimation of pollution exposure measures and expands the coverage to include Pennsylvania and Mexico; (2) Determine the effects of in-utero exposure to air stagnation on birth outcomes of newborns’ health and infant mortality; and (3) Determine the heterogeneity in the effects of air stagnation between the U.S. and Mexico, and within the countries by socioeconomic status. The anticipated outcomes will help policy makers design successful mitigation and adaptation policies, such as development of an alert warning system and identify and protect sensitive populations. In addition, it will advance knowledge regarding health effects of climate change-related extreme weather events by providing rigorous scientific evidence using real-time health, weather, geospatial, and exposure data.

项目摘要/摘要 尽管气候和极端天气事件之间的关系有据可查，但到目前为止，仍然存在 关于人类健康可能受到损害的方式和程度的科学知识方面的重大差距 直接和间接的、国内和国际的与气候有关的天气事件。 我们建议将空气滞留确定为健康的一个独特和关键的环境决定因素，并 评估其对新生儿的影响。以低风速和无降水为特征的空气滞留可能会导致 空气污染事件发生，随着气候变化改变全球风向，预计将加剧和延长 降水模式。然而，人们对其对人类健康的影响知之甚少。我们关注的是出生 新生儿结局和婴儿死亡率，因为有证据表明宫内暴露于 环境危害与胎儿健康和婴儿死亡率仍然不足以推断因果关系， 曝光、效果的大小和曝光的临界时间。 分析利用了每日空气滞留事件的独特和外生变化，以及 来自密歇根州，宾夕法尼亚州， 墨西哥收集了近十年的数据。这些特征使我们能够准确地估计 个别母亲在怀孕三个月期间经历的空气停滞。 根据密歇根州每月发生的空气滞留事件，我们的初步证据表明 妊娠和分娩期间空气滞留事件之间的统计学和经济学意义上的关联 结果。考虑到这些发现，我们假设空气滞留是一个关键的环境决定因素 健康，我们将评估其对新生儿的影响。我们还假设存在重要的异质性 在不同气候区域和人口特征的空气滞留的影响中。 这些假设将通过以下具体目标得到解决：(1)构建空气滞留事件 每日数据，这大大改进了对污染暴露措施的估计，并扩大了 覆盖范围包括宾夕法尼亚州和墨西哥；(2)确定宫内暴露于空气滞留的影响 对新生儿健康和婴儿死亡率的出生结局的影响；以及(3)确定影响的异质性 从社会经济地位来看，美国和墨西哥之间以及两国内部的空气停滞。 预期结果将帮助决策者设计成功的缓解和适应政策， 例如开发警报系统以及识别和保护敏感人群。此外，它还将 通过提供关于气候变化相关极端天气事件对健康影响的高级知识 使用实时健康、天气、地理空间和暴露数据的严格科学证据。