Challenging Classical Theories in Spatial Cognition: Contrasting Translator and Comparator Models of Human Retrosplenial Function

挑战空间认知中的经典理论：对比人类压后功能的翻译模型和比较模型

• 批准号: 10569490
• 负责人: Michael James Starrett Ambrose
• 金额: $ 7.39万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10569490
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Accounting; Area; Automobile Driving; Basic Science; Bayesian Analysis; Behavior; Behavioral Paradigm; Brain; Brain region; Categories; Classification; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Complex; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Dementia; Detection; Diagnosis; Discrimination; Disease; Disorientation; Ego; Elements; Environment; Episodic memory; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Human; Inferior; Knowledge; Learning; Literature; Location; Maps; Mediating; Memory; Memory Loss; Methods; Modeling; Multivariate Analysis; Organism; Pathology; Persons; Primates; Published Comment; ROC Curve; Receiver Operating Characteristics; Research; Research Design; Resources; Retrieval; Rodent; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; Structure; Techniques; Testing; Training; Translating; Translations; Update; Variant; adjudication; base; blood oxygen level dependent; cognitive process; complex data; design; experience; experimental study; flexibility; functional MRI scan; human model; innovation; insight; member; memory consolidation; memory recognition; nervous system disorder; neural; neuroimaging; non-invasive imaging; novel; novel strategies; pre-clinical; response; spatial memory; success; theories; virtual reality; virtual reality environment; way finding; young adult

Project Summary Everyday navigation behaviors that may seem mundane to healthy young adults are, at their core, quite complex. Seemingly rote navigation such as driving to the office require coordination of multiple streams of sensory information as well as memory for the global structure and layout of the environment (i.e., a “cognitive map”). Representations of space are often classified into two distinct frames of reference: egocentric – viewpoint-dependent relationships – and allocentric – observer-independent landmark relationships. The inability to reconcile egocentric and allocentric representations leads to disorientation, even in familiar spaces, and is associated with damage to spatial processing networks and regions of the brain including retrosplenial cortex (RSC). This type of disorientation also serves as a marker for preclinical stages of dementia. However, current spatial models of RSC function remain poorly connected with parallel lines of research from episodic memory. This narrow theoretical focus is problematic given the wide range of cognitive processes ascribed to RSC. The most prominent spatial model of RSC function, referred to as the BBB model, posits that RSC primarily supports the flexible use of egocentric and allocentric reference frames by translating between egocentric and allocentric spatial reference frames. Such spatial translator models of RSC are computationally plausible and generally compatible with findings in the navigation and spatial cognition literature, but there has been no direct test of this model in humans. Moreover, few functional neuroimaging studies are designed a priori to directly study RSC function. An alternative model posits that RSC is part of a predictive coding hierarchy. In this comparator model, a general function of RSC is to make predictions about the world based on learned experiences and evaluate the accuracy of these predictions against actual sensory information to resolve any discrepancies and update future predictions (i.e., Bayesian inference). Assumptions for each model will be evaluated during memory for previously learned spatial experiences (slow, Aim 1) as well as for the spatial demands of the previous trial (fast, Aim 2). To accomplish this, state-of-the-art immersive virtual reality techniques will be combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Receiver operating characteristic approaches as well as advanced univariate and multivariate fMRI analyses will be used to analyze data from novel behavioral paradigms comprising episodic and spatial memory elements. Functional MRI will allow for accurate and non-invasive imaging of RSC during behavior, and novel task manipulations will pit the predictions of RSC comparator and translator models against one another. These experiments will challenge long-standing spatial theories that have not undergone a rigorous test in humans. The findings will close a gap between poorly connected theories of RSC function in spatial cognition and episodic memory.

项目概要 对于健康的年轻人来说，日常导航行为可能看似平凡，但其核心却是相当普遍的。 复杂的。看似死记硬背的导航，例如开车去办公室，需要协调多个流 感觉信息以及对环境的整体结构和布局的记忆（即“认知 地图”）。空间的表示通常分为两个不同的参考框架：自我中心 – 依赖于视点的关系和异中心的独立于观察者的地标关系。这 无法调和自我中心和非中心的表征会导致迷失方向，即使是在熟悉的空间中， 并与空间处理网络和大脑区域（包括压后区）的损伤有关 皮质（RSC）。这种类型的定向障碍也是痴呆症临床前阶段的标志。然而， 目前 RSC 功能的空间模型与情景研究的平行线仍然缺乏联系 记忆。鉴于认知过程的广泛范围，这种狭隘的理论焦点是有问题的 RSC。 RSC 功能最突出的空间模型，称为 BBB 模型，假设 RSC 主要通过在自我中心和异中心参考系之间进行转换来支持灵活使用 自我中心和异中心空间参考系。 RSC 的这种空间转换器模型在计算上是 似乎是合理的，并且通常与导航和空间认知文献中的发现相一致，但有 尚未在人体中直接测试该模型。此外，很少有功能性神经影像学研究旨在 先验直接研究 RSC 功能。另一种模型假设 RSC 是预测编码的一部分 等级制度。在此比较器模型中，RSC 的一般功能是对基于世界的世界进行预测 根据学到的经验并根据实际的感官信息评估这些预测的准确性 解决任何差异并更新未来的预测（即贝叶斯推理）。每个的假设 模型将在记忆过程中评估先前学习的空间体验（慢速，目标 1）以及 先前试验的空间需求（快速，目标 2）。为了实现这一目标，最先进的沉浸式虚拟 现实技术将与功能磁共振成像（fMRI）相结合。接收器操作 将使用特色方法以及先进的单变量和多变量功能磁共振成像分析 分析来自包含情景和空间记忆元素的新颖行为范式的数据。功能性 MRI 将允许在行为过程中对 RSC 进行准确且非侵入性的成像，并且新颖的任务操作将 将 RSC 比较器模型和翻译器模型的预测相互比较。这些实验将 挑战尚未在人类身上经过严格测试的长期存在的空间理论。研究结果将 缩小了空间认知和情景记忆中 RSC 功能相关理论之间的差距。