Sensory and Control Mechanisms of Temporal Attention

时间注意力的感觉和控制机制

• 批准号: 10571688
• 负责人: Michael Lewis Epstein
• 金额: $ 6.95万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-03-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10571688
• 关键词: Affect; Aging; Anatomy; Architecture; Area; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cerebellar degeneration; Complex; Computer Models; Cues; Data; Disease; Ensure; Experimental Designs; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Heterogeneity; Human; Impairment; Individual; Investigation; Link; Literature; Maps; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Pattern; Perception; Population; Process; Psychophysics; Recovery; Research; Resolution; Resources; Role; Sensory; Stimulus; Structure; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Update; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Visual attention; area striata; attentional control; attentional modulation; candidate identification; clinical application; clinically relevant; design; experimental study; extrastriate visual cortex; imaging modality; improved; interest; neglect; neural; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel strategies; predictive modeling; response; retinotopic; temporal measurement; theories; tool; visual information; visual neuroscience; visual processing

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Visual attention, the ability to select relevant information for prioritized processing, is a fundamental mechanism for parsing a complex visual world. Importantly, attention is dynamic, acting across time to prioritize information at behaviorally relevant moments, a process known as temporal attention. Although we know that temporal attention affects visual perception, the neural mechanisms underlying temporal attention have been little investigated. Specifically, it remains unknown 1) where in the human brain temporal attention influences visual processing and 2) what cortical networks control the allocation of visual temporal attention. Here I propose to investigate the sensory and control mechanisms of temporal attention using contemporary methods in human visual neuroscience. The high spatial resolution of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) makes it an ideal tool for investigating the roles of specific cortical areas; however, its slow temporal resolution has obscured its potential value in studies of temporal attention. To circumvent this limitation, in Aim 1 I will use decoding together with a tailored experimental design to determine where in the visual cortex temporal attention modulates sensory processing. In Aim 2 I will use individual-observer mapping to identify control networks that guide temporal attention and further analyze regions of interest to distinguish between possible control mechanisms. In Aim 3 I will use the data collected in Aims 1 and 2 to test predictions of a recently introduced dynamic normalization model of temporal attention and, if warranted, update its architecture and parameters to better predict the neuroimaging data. Together these experiments and modeling will advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms of temporal attention as well as our computational theories of dynamic attention. Understanding these basic mechanisms is relevant for clinical populations with impairments in visual temporal attention, including individuals with ADHD, neglect, and cerebellar degeneration.

项目总结/摘要 视觉注意是一种基本的机制，是选择相关信息进行优先处理的能力 来解析复杂的视觉世界重要的是，注意力是动态的，它会跨时间对信息进行优先排序 在行为相关的时刻，一个被称为时间注意的过程。虽然我们知道时间 注意影响视知觉，时间注意的神经机制还很少 研究了具体来说，它仍然是未知的1）在人类大脑中的时间注意力影响视觉 2）什么样的皮层网络控制视觉时间注意的分配。在此，我提议 使用现代方法研究人类时间注意的感觉和控制机制 视觉神经科学功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的高空间分辨率使其成为 研究特定皮层区域作用的理想工具;然而，其缓慢的时间分辨率已经模糊了 它在时间注意研究中的潜在价值。为了规避这个限制，在目标1中，我将使用解码 以及一个定制的实验设计，以确定在视觉皮层的时间注意调节 感觉处理在目标2中，我将使用个体观察者映射来识别控制网络， 并进一步分析感兴趣区域以区分可能的控制机制。 在目标3中，我将使用目标1和目标2中收集的数据来测试最近引入的动态预测。 时间注意力的标准化模型，并在必要时更新其架构和参数，以更好地 预测神经成像数据。这些实验和建模将共同促进我们对 时间注意的神经机制以及我们的动态注意的计算理论。 理解这些基本机制对于临床上有视觉颞叶损伤的人群是有意义的。 注意力不集中，包括患有多动症、忽视和小脑变性的人。