Prenatal endocrine-disrupting chemicals, pandemic-related stress and social risk in mothers and infants

项目摘要 母婴(M-I)互动为婴儿的社交/认知奠定了行为基础和轨迹 发展。父母的社交行为容易受到内分泌干扰化学物质的影响，因为这些 行为由荷尔蒙启动和社交/父母大脑的组织决定。宫内双酚 双酚A(BPA)暴露会扰乱动物的母体照料和后代的社会行为/神经行为发育 和人类。到目前为止，还没有研究双酚A对M-I相互作用的影响，这是我们正在进行的一个目标 R01 ES027424。尽管BPA已从许多消费产品中移除，但它已被 结构类似物，双酚-S(BPS)和双酚-f(BPF)，可能有类似的有害作用。这 这项研究旨在将动物模型的发现转化为询问产前BPA、BPS、BPF(BP)是否增加 暴露在人体中预示着不太理想的M-I交互作用。了解BP对M-I相互作用的影响 对于揭示BP可能通过哪些途径扰乱神经发育至关重要。我们招募女性 在怀孕期间，使用怀孕第三个月的多个尿样评估产前血压暴露， 并使用逐秒交互的M-I影响的度量来评估M-I交互作用，提供了一种细微差别的度量 英国石油公司的影响。新冠肺炎大流行于2020年3月袭击纽约市，使新妈妈们暴露在高水平的 额外压力：突然发作，影响全球；高死亡率/恐惧程度；不成比例的影响 种族/少数民族；社会孤立、失业、社会疏远/戴口罩等困难加剧 产后精神健康困难(与大流行有关的压力源)。压力会加剧化学物质的影响 对儿童健康后果的暴露，强调需要考虑这些额外的大流行的影响-- 可能导致大流行相关应激的相关应激源(症状与DSM-5急性应激一致 障碍诊断)。在我们现有的R01 ES027424中，数据收集因大流行而停止，现在 恢复，为研究大流行相关应激(OR)是否改变提供了独特的机会和当务之急 双酚暴露与M-I相互作用之间的联系。这款对时间敏感的R21收集和分析 旨在确定：(A)生活在大流行期间的社会接触是否会改变M-I 相互作用，和/或改变双酚对M-I相互作用的影响；和(B)在大流行暴露组内， 更高的新冠肺炎大流行相关应激(OR)是否改变双酚暴露，和/或改变M-I相互作用。 了解大流行相关应激(OR)可能如何影响M-I互动和/或加剧 M-I相互作用的环境暴露对于(I)告知临床干预是必要的：压力是可改变的， 公共卫生干预的潜在目标；(Ii)揭示一种发展途径，通过这种途径， 新冠肺炎疫情可能扰乱儿童发育，以及(Iii)为未来的医疗/公共卫生政策提供信息 大流行。

Project Summary Mother-infant (M-I) interaction sets the behavioral foundation and trajectory for infant social/cognitive development. Parental social behaviors are vulnerable to endocrine-disrupting chemicals because these behaviors are shaped by hormonal priming and the organization of the social/parental brain. In utero bisphenol A (BPA) exposure disrupts maternal care and offspring social behavior/neurobehavioral development in animals and humans. To date, the effects of BPA on M-I interaction have not been examined, one aim of our ongoing R01 ES027424. Although BPA has been removed from many consumer products, it has been replaced by structural analogs, bisphenol-s (BPS) and bisphenol-f (BPF), which may have similar detrimental effects. This study aims to translate findings from animal models to ask whether increased prenatal BPA, BPS, BPF (BP) exposure in humans predicts less optimal M-I interaction. Understanding the effects of BP on M-I interaction is essential to revealing pathways through which BP may act to disrupt neurodevelopment. We recruit women during pregnancy, assess prenatal BP exposure using multiple urine samples from the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, and assess M-I interaction with measures of sec-by-sec reciprocal M-I influences, providing a nuanced measure of the effects of BP. The COVID-19 pandemic hit NYC in March 2020, exposing new mothers to high levels of additional stress: sudden onset, world-wide impact; high death rates/levels of fear; disproportionate impact on racial/ ethnic minorities; hardships e.g. social isolation, job loss, social distancing/wearing masks, exacerbated postpartum mental health difficulties (pandemic-related stressors). Stress exacerbates the effects of chemical exposures on child health outcomes, highlighting the need to consider the impact of these additional pandemic- related stressors which may lead to pandemic-related stress (symptoms consistent with DSM-5 acute stress disorder diagnosis). In our existing R01 ES027424, data collection was halted by the pandemic and has now resumed, providing a unique opportunity and an imperative to study whether pandemic-related stress(ors) alter the association between bisphenol exposure and M-I interaction. This time-sensitive R21 collects and analyzes information aimed to determine (a) whether the social exposure of living through the pandemic alters M-I interaction, and/or alters the effects of bisphenol on M-I interaction; and (b) within the pandemic-exposed group, whether higher COVID-19 pandemic-related stress(ors) alters bisphenol exposure, and/or alters M-I interaction. Understanding how pandemic-related stress(ors) may impact M-I interaction and/or exacerbate the effects of environmental exposures on M-I interaction is essential to (i) informing clinical intervention: stress is modifiable, a potential target of public health intervention; (ii) revealing one developmental pathway through which the COVID-19 pandemic may disrupt child development, and (iii) informing medical/ public health policies in future pandemics.