Neural basis of Braille literacy in blind adults and children

盲人成人和儿童盲文识字的神经基础

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    10574513
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 70.87万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2022-03-01 至 2027-02-28
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY The current project examines the neural basis of Braille reading in proficient congenitally blind adults, late blind readers with varying degrees of proficiency and blind children learning to read, using fMRI and high-density diffusion imaging (dMRI). These studies of Braille literacy provide insights into human brain plasticity and the neural basis of culture. Reading changes the anatomy and function of the human brain. In sighted people, reading experience enhances anatomical pathways within and across visual and language networks. Sighted readers develop a ‘visual word form area’ (VWFA) in lateral ventral occipito-temporal cortex (lVOT), tuned to letters and words. Braille offers insights into the mechanisms of cultural recycling by disentangling which aspects of the reading brain are modality invariant and which are modality specific. The current proposal distinguishes between two alternative hypotheses. According to the task-based hypothesis, blind readers develop the same neural mechanisms for reading as the sighted in the lVOT and show similar connectivity changes, because lVOT is intrinsically predisposed for modality-invariant shape recognition. By contrast, the connectivity-based hypothesis proposes that connectivity and experience heavily influence reading localization. It therefore predicts that blind individuals develop tactile word form areas (TWFAs) in parietal regions with strong connectivity to somatosensory and language networks. It also predicts that Braille literacy enhances anatomical connectivity of these parietal network. Aim 1 investigates the neural changes support this expert reading in congenitally blind adults. Proficient Braille readers can achieve speeds of 200 words per minute and more. What neural changes enable this ability? In a series of fMRI experiments with congenitally blind proficient readers we use MVPA and fMRI adaptation to test our hypothesis that proficient blind readers develop ‘tactile word form areas’ TWFAs in posterior parietal cortex and connected dorsal occipital areas. Aim 2 tests the prediction that individual differences in the connectivity (dMRI) and functional specialization of parietal areas predicts individual differences in reading proficiency among congenitally and late blind adults, whereas individual differences in early visual areas only predict individual differences in the congenitally blind population. Aim 3 tests the key prediction that TWFA specialization and Braille-reading associated connectivity changes emerge as a result of literacy by working with congenitally blind children (dMRI and fMRI) longitudinally, as they learn to read. Uncovering neural markers of successful Braille literacy will test theories of human brain plasticity and facilitate and inform strategies for enhancing Braille literacy among people who are blind.
项目总结

项目成果

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Marina Bedny其他文献

Marina Bedny的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Marina Bedny', 18)}}的其他基金

Neural basis of Braille literacy in blind adults and children
盲人成人和儿童盲文识字的神经基础
  • 批准号:
    10342354
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 70.87万
  • 项目类别:
Neural basis of Braille literacy in blind adults and children
盲人成人和儿童盲文识字的神经基础
  • 批准号:
    10748068
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 70.87万
  • 项目类别:
Visual cortex plasticity in blindness: a window into flexibility of human cortex
失明时的视觉皮层可塑性:了解人类皮层灵活性的窗口
  • 批准号:
    10203995
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 70.87万
  • 项目类别:
Visual cortex plasticity in blindness: a window into flexibility of human cortex
失明时的视觉皮层可塑性:了解人类皮层灵活性的窗口
  • 批准号:
    10016300
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 70.87万
  • 项目类别:

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