Developing and evaluating a decision support tool to disseminate tobacco control research and inform policy implementation

开发和评估决策支持工具，以传播烟草控制研究并为政策实施提供信息

• 批准号: 10579061
• 负责人: Natalie Riva Smith
• 金额: $ 12.74万
• 依托单位: HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-02-01 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10579061
• 关键词: Administrator; Adolescent; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Area; Assessment tool; Award; Benefits and Risks; Brain; Cancer Control; Communication; Data; Decision Analysis; Decision Making; Development; Development Plans; Dissemination and Implementation; Education; Effectiveness; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Electronic cigarette; Equilibrium; Equity; Foundations; Future; Goals; Health; Health Policy; Individual; Interview; Licensing; Literature; Malignant Neoplasms; Mentorship; Methods; Nicotine Dependence; Phase; Pilot Projects; Policies; Policy Maker; Policy Making; Policy Research; Politics; Postdoctoral Fellow; Public Health; Public Health Schools; Public Policy; Publishing; Recommendation; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Research Activity; Research Peer Review; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Schools; Science; Scientist; Statutes and Laws; Taxes; Time; Tobacco Control Research; Training; Training Activity; Uncertainty; Weight; Work; cancer prevention; cancer risk; career; career development; cost; design; dissemination science; dissemination strategy; economic evaluation; experience; experimental study; flexibility; health economics; implementation research; implementation science; improved; informant; insight; interest; models and simulation; novel strategies; prevent; public health research; public policy on tobacco; research data dissemination; smoking cessation; success; support tools; tool

PROJECT SUMMARY Adolescent use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, or e-cigarettes) has increased rapidly and can lead to nicotine addiction and adversely affect brain development. Conversely, ENDS products can help adults quit smoking, decreasing their cancer risk. This creates a major tradeoff in risks and benefits that must be considered when evaluating ENDS control policies, in addition to other aspects such as costs and political feasibility. State public health administrators are at the forefront of ENDS control policy efforts. Public health research could guide their decision making, but research evidence is often inaccessible to decision makers or not synthesized concisely and meaningfully. Without strategies to disseminate evidence in an accessible way it is of limited public health impact. Existing dissemination strategies have been largely untested and have not accounted for the inherent complexity of policy decisions (e.g., tradeoffs). The goal of this proposal is to develop and evaluate a potential dissemination strategy: a decision support tool. Such tools can help manage decision complexity by systematically presenting information on relevant attributes of specific policies that are important to administrators (e.g., reach of policy, potential harms and benefits, costs to implement), and improve research accessibility by synthesizing evidence for each attribute. In the K99 phase of the award, Dr. Smith, a postdoctoral fellow at the Harvard Chan School, will quantify the relative importance of key attributes of policies that administrators consider in their decision making using a discrete choice experiment. In the R00 phase, she will build a decision support tool for administrators using principles of multi-criteria decision analysis, peer-reviewed research evidence, and quantitative results from the K99 phase. She will then conduct a pilot study with administrators to evaluate the potential for the decision support tool to improve research dissemination by assessing the tool’s acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility, three key preconditions for success. This research will provide much-needed evidence on the use of decision support tools to advance evidence-informed policymaking. Further, this award will enable Dr. Smith to achieve her long-term career goal of becoming an independent investigator focused on evidence-informed public health policies for cancer prevention. Dr. Smith has a strong foundation in simulation modeling and economic evaluation; this award will build on this foundation by providing advanced training in decision science methods and develop her expertise in tobacco control policy. Her K99 training plan draws on the unique strengths of her transdisciplinary mentorship team and educational and professional resources available through the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Overall, the research and training activities in this proposal will provide Dr. Smith with the experience necessary to launch her career as an independent scientist working at the intersection of decision science, policy implementation and dissemination science, and cancer prevention and control policies.

项目摘要 青少年使用电子尼古丁输送系统（ENDS或电子烟）的人数迅速增加， 导致尼古丁成瘾并对大脑发育产生不利影响。相反，ENDS产品可以帮助成年人 戒烟，降低患癌症的风险。这在风险和收益之间形成了一个重大的权衡， 在评估ENDS控制政策时，除了成本和政治等其他方面外， 可行性州公共卫生管理人员站在ENDS控制政策努力的最前沿。公共卫生 研究可以指导他们的决策，但决策者往往无法获得研究证据， 没有简洁而有意义地综合。如果没有以可获取的方式传播证据的战略， 对公众健康的影响有限。现有的传播战略在很大程度上未经检验， 考虑到政策决定的固有复杂性（例如，tradeoffs）。本提案的目的是 制定和评估潜在的传播战略：决策支持工具。这些工具可以帮助管理 决策的复杂性，通过系统地提供有关具体政策的相关属性的信息， 对管理员很重要（例如，政策范围、潜在危害和益处、实施成本），以及 通过综合每个属性的证据来提高研究的可访问性。在K99阶段的奖励，博士。 史密斯是哈佛陈学院的博士后，他将量化关键属性的相对重要性 管理者在决策时所考虑的政策，使用离散选择实验。在R 00 阶段，她将使用多标准决策原则为管理员构建决策支持工具 分析，同行评审的研究证据，以及K99阶段的定量结果。然后她将进行 与管理人员进行试点研究，以评估决策支持工具改善研究的潜力 通过评估工具的可接受性，适当性和可行性，传播的三个关键前提 成功这项研究将提供急需的证据，说明如何使用决策支持工具， 循证决策。此外，该奖项将使史密斯博士实现她的长期职业目标 成为一名独立的调查员，专注于循证的癌症公共卫生政策， 预防史密斯博士在仿真建模和经济评估方面有着坚实的基础;该奖项将 在此基础上，提供决策科学方法的高级培训并发展她的专业知识 烟草控制政策。她的K99培训计划利用了她跨学科的独特优势， 导师团队以及通过哈佛T.H.提供的教育和专业资源。阐教 公共卫生部。总的来说，本提案中的研究和培训活动将为史密斯博士提供 作为一名独立的科学家，她在决策的交叉点上工作， 科学、政策执行和传播科学以及癌症预防和控制政策。