Measles: A Global History

麻疹：全球历史

• 批准号: 10578623
• 负责人: Elena Christine Conis
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10578623
• 关键词: Advocate; Affect; African; Age; Animals; Appearance; Archival Collection; Archives; Award; Back; Belief; Biologic Characteristic; Books; Childhood; Clinical; Collection; Communicable Diseases; Conceptions; Contracts; Databases; Development; Digital Libraries; Disease; Economic Factors; Economics; Effectiveness; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Geography; Government; Health; Income; Index Medicus; Length; Literature; Location; Manuscripts; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Medical; Medicine; Medieval History; Modernization; Monograph; Ontology; Outcome; Paper; Pattern; Perception; Periodicals; Policies; Policy Maker; Politics; Public Health; Publishing; Quarantine; Race; Recording of previous events; Records; Reporting; Research; Research Methodology; Research Project Grants; Rest; Role; Schools; Scientist; Scourge; Series; Severities; Shapes; Smallpox; Source; Symbolism; Technology; Time; Urbanization; Vaccination; Vaccines; Viral; Virus; War; Work; Writing; base; commercialization; coronavirus disease; digital; global health; human disease; programs; social

Measles: A Global History Project Summary Measles is caused by a notably stable virus and has been vaccine preventable since the 1960s, following commercialization of the first effective measles vaccine in the U.S. But after the first several years—and then decades—of measles vaccination, U.S. medical and public health experts began to remark on how distinctly vaccination was changing measles's epidemiology, altering the geographic, racial, age, and income groups most and least affected by the disease. This oft- made observation, however, overlooked measles' long history. Extant for thousands of years, measles had always been shaped by the times and places in which it made its appearance. Urbanization, colonization, trade, war, schooling patterns, treatment, and other social, cultural, political, scientific, and economic factors shaped and reshaped measles over and over, changing it from epidemic to endemic to eliminated and back again, from “severe” to “mild” and vice versa, and from a universal scourge to a commonplace feature of childhood. In the era of modern biomedicine, measles has repeatedly been described as one of the deadliest and most contagious diseases, as well as one of the most eradicable—a scientific belief resting on assumptions about measles' stability that are in fact a small part of its centuries-long story. This project will construct a global history of measles by following the disease from medieval Islamic clinical descriptions to contemporary battles over its elimination. The project has three specific aims. First, it will produce the first book on the global history of measles, with a focus on how conceptions and perceptions of measles rooted in space and time have long made measles both a stable and dynamic illness. Second, it will analyze measles' historical roles in the emergence and development of what is now called global health. Third, it will examine and elucidate measles' practical and symbolic historical significance in efforts to manage other infectious diseases over time, from smallpox to COVID. The book will be published by Polity Press and written for an audience of academics, policymakers, advocates, and the public. Research methods for this historical project include both secondary source synthesis and primary source location and analysis. The project draws on a broad secondary literature on the histories of infectious disease, epidemics, medicine, and global health. Its primary source base consists of evidence from databases of periodicals, government reports, and scientific papers; digitally accessible documents, archives, and manuscript collections; and brick-and-mortar archival collections. These range from Index Medicus to the African Online Digital Library and from the records of the U.S. CDC to the archives of the WHO.

麻疹：全球史 项目摘要 麻疹是由一种非常稳定的病毒引起的，自20世纪60年代以来一直可以通过疫苗预防， 在美国第一个有效的麻疹疫苗商业化之后， 美国医疗和公共卫生专家说， 开始谈论疫苗接种是如何明显地改变麻疹的流行病学， 受疾病影响最大和最小的地理、种族、年龄和收入群体。这种经常- 然而，观察忽略了麻疹的悠久历史。几千年来， 麻疹总是由它出现的时间和地点决定的。 城市化、殖民化、贸易、战争、教育模式、待遇以及其他社会、文化、 政治、科学和经济因素一次又一次地塑造和重塑麻疹， 它从流行到地方病，再到消灭，再到卷土重来，从“严重”到“轻微”，再到副 反之亦然，从一个普遍的祸害到一个常见的童年特征。时代的 在现代生物医学中，麻疹一再被描述为最致命和最严重的疾病之一。 传染性疾病，以及最可根除的疾病之一-科学信念基于 关于麻疹稳定性的假设，实际上是其长达几个世纪的故事的一小部分。 本计画将追溯麻疹自中世纪以来的发展历程， 伊斯兰临床描述，以当代战斗超过其消除。该项目有三 具体目标。首先，它将出版第一本关于麻疹全球历史的书，重点是 长期以来，对麻疹的概念和看法如何植根于空间和时间， 一种稳定的和动态的疾病。第二，分析麻疹在中国历史上的作用。 这就是现在所谓的全球健康的出现和发展。第三，它将审查和 阐明麻疹在努力管理其他疾病方面的实际和象征性历史意义， 从天花到新冠肺炎该书将由Polity出版社出版。 为学者、政策制定者、倡导者和公众出版和撰写。 这个历史项目的研究方法包括二次源合成和 主要来源定位和分析。该项目利用了广泛的二手文献， 传染病、流行病、医学和全球健康的历史。其主要来源基地 包括来自期刊数据库、政府报告和科学论文的证据; 数字化可访问的文件、档案和手稿收藏;以及实体 档案收藏。从医学索引到非洲在线数字图书馆， 从美国疾控中心的记录到世界卫生组织的档案。