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Elucidating Mechanisms of Loss of Heterozygosity in Diploid Cells

阐明二倍体细胞杂合性丧失的机制

基本信息

批准号：
10579177
负责人：
Samantha Brooke Regan
金额：
$ 4.77万
依托单位：
WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-06-22 至 2025-06-21
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10579177
关键词：
Affect Aneuploidy Biological Assay Breast CRISPR/Cas technology Cell Line Cells Chromatids Chromosomal Breaks Chromosomal Instability Chromosome Arm Chromosomes Colon Carcinoma Complex Cruciform DNA DNA Damage DNA Double Strand Break DNA Repair Gene Dangerousness Data Diploid Cells Double Effect Double Strand Break Repair Event Flow Cytometry Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Frequencies Gene Conversion Genes Genetic Crossing Over Genetic Nondisjunction Genetic Recombination Genome Genome Stability Heterozygote Homologous Gene Individual Location Loss of Heterozygosity Malignant Neoplasms Mammalian Cell Modeling Mutation Nonhomologous DNA End Joining Normal Cell Outcome Ovarian Pathway interactions Patients Pattern Premalignant Cell Proteins Research Retinoblastoma Role Sister Chromatid Exchange Site Structure Syndrome System Topoisomerase III Tumor Suppressor Genes Work Yeasts anticancer research cancer initiation daughter cell early screening endonuclease functional loss helicase high risk homologous recombination knock-down mutant nuclease overexpression prevent segregation tumor tumor progression

项目摘要

Project Summary Abstract Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is the loss of the functional copy of a tumor suppressor gene in heterozygous individuals, leaving only the mutant copy, thereby contributing to cancer initiation and progression. Understanding how LOH arises in healthy cells is a vital component of cancer research, as it could lead to opportunities to prevent cancer in patients with increased early screening for individuals with mutations putting them at high risk for LOH, or with identification and targeting of cells that have undergone dangerous LOH. LOH can develop through deletions of whole chromosome arms or smaller regions of the genome, nondisjunction incidents, or homologous recombination events between homologous chromosomes (i.e., interhomolog homologous recombination, IH-HR). Despite decades of research, a critical need remains to identify the causes of LOH in normal or precancerous cells. Detecting these mechanisms in already established tumors is often difficult due to high levels of aneuploidy, ongoing chromosome instability, and DNA damage. We have recently developed a high throughput flow cytometry-based system which is sensitive for detecting LOH in normal diploid cells. Our objective is to exploit this system to identify and quantify mechanisms of LOH that arise from DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and the factors that modulate these events. We hypothesize that mechanisms of LOH which occur as a result of DSBs include copy number neutral LOH, as from IH-HR or non-disjunction associated with chromosome duplication and furthermore, that these events are modulated by the location of the DSB and DNA repair proteins, including proteins that act on recombination intermediates. We will address this hypothesis through the following specific aims: In Aim 1, we will investigate how proteins that act on recombination intermediates impact LOH arising from IH-HR, utilizing our flow-cytometry based system. We will assay the frequency of LOH that arises from IH-HR in the presence or absence of proteins that both prevent and contribute to crossover events, which can lead to long-range LOH. In Aim 2, we will take an unbiased approach to explore additional mechanisms of LOH arising from a DSB. We will determine how LOH mechanism is affected by the location of a DSB along a chromosome and by loss of different DSB repair pathways. This work will allow us to identify the factors that can contribute to or even prevent LOH, and give a better understanding of how these initiating events in cancer occur.

项目摘要