Effects of tobacco cut and nicotine form on the abuse liability of moist snuff

项目摘要 几十年来，烟草业一直在操纵湿鼻烟（即，dip）变得吸引人和上瘾 越好.这些操作导致湿鼻烟占无烟烟草的90% (SLT)在美国的市场份额，并减缓了减少滥用流行的进展。的 烟草业行动的公共卫生负担并不公平;生活在阿巴拉契亚地区的男性 的美国人继续以高比率使用维生素D，导致心血管疾病的地区不平等， 癌症和口腔健康状况不佳。本研究的目标是确定地方、州和/或联邦法规， 湿润的鼻烟，减少其成瘾的可能性。这项研究将评估湿鼻烟的两个关键特征， 烟草业操纵的目标及其成瘾潜力的驱动因素： vs.细）和尼古丁形式（游离碱形式的低水平对高水平尼古丁）。更精细的烟丝和更高级的烟丝 高水平的游离碱尼古丁（FBN）导致更快、更大的尼古丁释放。以PI的专业领域为基础 并提供急需的培训，将对烟丝和尼古丁形式进行评估， 流行病学，使用分析化学，并使用实验人类实验室方法。为 流行病学评估，我们将完成最近基于人群的队列的二次数据分析， 评估产品依赖程度和产品特性之间的关联（即，切，切 俄亥俄州阿巴拉契亚山脉的青少年和成年人使用的湿鼻烟。对于分析化学评价，我们将 定量青少年和成人使用的湿鼻烟产品中的总尼古丁和FBN水平 参与者在我们的阿巴拉契亚俄亥俄州队列;这些产品的特点将根据比较 用户的广告依赖程度以及其他产品特征（例如，烟草切丝和香料）。为 人体实验室评估，我们将使用2x2的受试者内交叉设计来测试湿鼻烟如何使用 （量和持续时间），尼古丁输送和吸引力根据切割（长与细）和水平的变化而不同 FBN（低vs.高）我们还将评估是否湿鼻烟风格和结果之间的关联 取决于依赖的程度。参与者将是居住在阿巴拉契亚俄亥俄州的成年人， 每天吸湿鼻烟的人总之，本研究将提供一个基础，了解的特点 在阿巴拉契亚地区使用的湿鼻烟-那里的烟草使用负担仍然居高不下-以及 对烟草切割和尼古丁形式的监管可能对减少该地区的健康不公平现象产生影响。行为 这项研究和实施拟议的培训计划也将提供PI，一个有前途的科学家， 在流行病学和生物统计学，阿巴拉契亚健康差异研究和其他方面有着坚实的基础 烟草监管科学领域，在成瘾研究、烟草产品评估和 人体实验设计

PROJECT ABSTRACT For decades, the tobacco industry has manipulated moist snuff (i.e., dip) to become as appealing and addictive as possible. These manipulations have resulted in moist snuff accounting for 90% of the smokeless tobacco (SLT) market share in the United States and have slowed progress in reducing the prevalence of SLT use. The public health burden of the tobacco industry’s actions has not been equitable; males living in Appalachian regions of the United States continue to use SLT at high rates, leading to regional inequities in cardiovascular disease, cancer, and poor oral health. The goal of this research is to identify local, state, and/or federal regulations for moist snuff that reduce its addiction potential. This research will evaluate two features of moist snuff that are key targets of manipulation from the tobacco industry and drivers of its addiction potential: length of tobacco cut (long vs. fine) and nicotine form (low vs. high levels of nicotine in the free-base form). Finer tobacco cuts and higher levels of free-base nicotine (FBN) result in faster, greater nicotine delivery. Building on the PI’s areas of expertise and providing crucially-needed training, evaluations of tobacco cut and nicotine form will be done epidemiologically, using analytical chemistry, and using experimental human laboratory methods. For the epidemiological evaluation, we will complete a secondary data analysis of recent population-based cohorts to evaluate associations between level of SLT dependence and product characteristics (i.e., cut, flavor, brand) of moist snuff used by adolescents and adults in Appalachian Ohio. For the analytical chemistry evaluation, we will quantitate the levels of total nicotine and FBN present in moist snuff products used by adolescent and adult participants in our Appalachian Ohio cohorts; these characteristics of products will be compared according to level of SLT dependence of the user as well as other product features (e.g., tobacco cut and flavor). For the human laboratory evaluation, we will use a 2x2 within-subjects cross-over design to test how moist snuff use (amount and duration), nicotine delivery, and appeal differ according to variations in cut (long vs. fine) and level of FBN (low vs. high). We will also evaluate whether the association between style of moist snuff and outcomes varies according to level of SLT dependence. Participants will be adults who live in Appalachian Ohio and are daily moist snuff users. Altogether, this research will provide a foundation for understanding the characteristics of moist snuff used in Appalachia—where the burden of SLT use remains stubbornly high—and the effects that regulations on tobacco cut and nicotine form could have on reducing health inequities in this region. The conduct of this research and implementation of the proposed training plan will also provide the PI, a promising scientist with strong foundations in epidemiology and biostatistics, Appalachian health disparities research, and other areas of tobacco regulatory science with needed training in addiction research, tobacco product evaluation, and human laboratory experimental designs.