Effects of tobacco cut and nicotine form on the abuse liability of moist snuff

项目摘要 几十年来，烟草行业一直在操纵潮湿的鼻烟(即蘸鼻烟)，使其变得具有吸引力和成瘾性 尽可能的。这些操作导致了湿鼻烟占无烟烟草的90% 在美国，SLT的市场份额有所下降，并减缓了在降低SLT使用率方面的进展。这个 烟草业行动的公共卫生负担不公平；生活在阿巴拉契亚地区的男性 美国继续高比率地使用SLT，导致心血管疾病的地区不平等， 癌症，以及糟糕的口腔健康。本研究的目标是确定地方、州和/或联邦法规 湿润的鼻烟可以降低它的成瘾潜力。这项研究将评估湿鼻烟的两个关键特征 烟草行业操纵的目标及其成瘾潜力的驱动因素：烟草切丝长度(Long 和尼古丁形式(游离碱形式的尼古丁含量低和含量高)。更精细的烟草削减和更高的 游离基尼古丁(FBN)水平会导致尼古丁更快、更大的释放。以私家侦探的专业领域为基础 并提供急需的培训，对烟丝和尼古丁形式进行评估 流行病学，使用分析化学，并使用实验的人体实验室方法。对于 流行病学评估，我们将完成最近以人口为基础的队列的二次数据分析，以 评估SLT依赖程度与产品特性(例如，切、味、品牌)之间的关系 俄亥俄州阿巴拉契亚地区青少年和成年人使用的潮湿鼻烟。对于分析化学评价，我们将 量化青少年和成人使用的湿鼻产品中总尼古丁和FBN的水平 我们的阿巴拉契亚俄亥俄州队列中的参与者；这些产品的特征将根据 用户对SLT的依赖程度以及其他产品特征(例如，烟丝和味道)。对于 人体实验室评估，我们将使用2x2受试者内交叉设计来测试湿润鼻烟的使用情况 (剂量和持续时间)、尼古丁释放和吸引力根据切割(长时间和罚款)和水平的不同而不同 FBN(低与高)。我们还将评估湿润鼻烟的风格和结果之间的联系 根据SLT依赖程度的不同而变化。参与者将是居住在俄亥俄州阿巴拉契亚地区的成年人， 每日湿润鼻烟使用者。综上所述，这项研究将为理解这些特征提供基础 在阿巴拉契亚地区使用的湿鼻烟-那里使用SLT的负担仍然居高不下-以及 对烟丝和尼古丁形式的规定可能有助于减少这一地区的健康不平等现象。他的行为 这项研究和实施的拟议培养计划也将为PI提供一位有前途的科学家 在流行病学和生物统计学、阿巴拉契亚地区健康差距研究等方面有坚实的基础 烟草监管科学领域，需要在成瘾研究、烟草产品评价和 人体实验室实验设计。

PROJECT ABSTRACT For decades, the tobacco industry has manipulated moist snuff (i.e., dip) to become as appealing and addictive as possible. These manipulations have resulted in moist snuff accounting for 90% of the smokeless tobacco (SLT) market share in the United States and have slowed progress in reducing the prevalence of SLT use. The public health burden of the tobacco industry’s actions has not been equitable; males living in Appalachian regions of the United States continue to use SLT at high rates, leading to regional inequities in cardiovascular disease, cancer, and poor oral health. The goal of this research is to identify local, state, and/or federal regulations for moist snuff that reduce its addiction potential. This research will evaluate two features of moist snuff that are key targets of manipulation from the tobacco industry and drivers of its addiction potential: length of tobacco cut (long vs. fine) and nicotine form (low vs. high levels of nicotine in the free-base form). Finer tobacco cuts and higher levels of free-base nicotine (FBN) result in faster, greater nicotine delivery. Building on the PI’s areas of expertise and providing crucially-needed training, evaluations of tobacco cut and nicotine form will be done epidemiologically, using analytical chemistry, and using experimental human laboratory methods. For the epidemiological evaluation, we will complete a secondary data analysis of recent population-based cohorts to evaluate associations between level of SLT dependence and product characteristics (i.e., cut, flavor, brand) of moist snuff used by adolescents and adults in Appalachian Ohio. For the analytical chemistry evaluation, we will quantitate the levels of total nicotine and FBN present in moist snuff products used by adolescent and adult participants in our Appalachian Ohio cohorts; these characteristics of products will be compared according to level of SLT dependence of the user as well as other product features (e.g., tobacco cut and flavor). For the human laboratory evaluation, we will use a 2x2 within-subjects cross-over design to test how moist snuff use (amount and duration), nicotine delivery, and appeal differ according to variations in cut (long vs. fine) and level of FBN (low vs. high). We will also evaluate whether the association between style of moist snuff and outcomes varies according to level of SLT dependence. Participants will be adults who live in Appalachian Ohio and are daily moist snuff users. Altogether, this research will provide a foundation for understanding the characteristics of moist snuff used in Appalachia—where the burden of SLT use remains stubbornly high—and the effects that regulations on tobacco cut and nicotine form could have on reducing health inequities in this region. The conduct of this research and implementation of the proposed training plan will also provide the PI, a promising scientist with strong foundations in epidemiology and biostatistics, Appalachian health disparities research, and other areas of tobacco regulatory science with needed training in addiction research, tobacco product evaluation, and human laboratory experimental designs.