Unique physiological properties of novel ganglion cell types in primate retina

灵长类视网膜新型神经节细胞类型的独特生理特性

• 批准号: 10585889
• 负责人: EDUARDO CHICHILNISKY
• 金额: $ 62.55万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-30 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10585889
• 关键词: Adult; Amacrine Cells; Anatomy; Animal Model; Axon; Blindness; Brain; Cell Shape; Cells; Cellular Structures; Code; Complex; Computer Models; Confocal Microscopy; Coupling; Dendrites; Dependence; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Electrodes; Exhibits; Generations; Goals; Health; Hot Spot; Human; Knowledge; Light; Macaca; Membrane; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Mus; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Output; Pathway interactions; Photophobia; Physiological; Population; Primates; Property; Research; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Rodent; Role; Salamander; Sampling; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Stratification; Structure; Synapses; Techniques; Testing; Textbooks; Vision; Visit; Visual; Visual Motion; Work; cell type; collaborative approach; density; design; ganglion cell; improved; multi-electrode arrays; neural circuit; neuromechanism; novel; patch clamp; postsynaptic; presynaptic; receptive field; response; spatiotemporal; transmission process; visual dysfunction; visual processing

Project Summary/Abstract The overall objective of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of visual processing in the macaque monkey retina, the most important animal model for understanding human vision, and to leverage that knowledge to treat blindness. The goal of the proposed work is to determine how four poorly understood retinal cell types contribute to visual processing in primates. Many of the retinal amacrine and ganglion cell types that have been characterized in non-primate retinas perform complex and specialized visual computations, extracting information such as motion direction, object orientation, and object versus background motion from visual inputs. Whether similar computations also occur in the primate retina is unclear, because most physiological studies have focused on the role of only five of the ~20 output pathways. We have identified four cell types in the macaque monkey retina that exhibit intriguing differences from the five better-studied cell types in their visual response properties. Our specific aims are to 1) determine how striking waves of activity in the network of A1 amacrine cells network shapes the light response properties of parasol ganglion cells, 2) determine how intrinsic and circuit mechanisms shape the unusual spatial and temporal response properties of broad thorny ganglion cells, and 3) determine how membrane and receptive field properties allow ON- and OFF-type smooth monostratified ganglion cells to signal distinct information to the brain from their parasol cell counterparts. At the conclusion of this work, we expect to have a deeper understanding of the visual computations performed by the primate retina and the neural mechanisms that underlie those computations. Further, this project will shed much needed light on how retinal processing in primates, and by extension humans, relates to that observed in rodents and other animal models.

项目总结/摘要 本研究的总体目标是更深入地了解视觉加工， 猕猴的视网膜是理解人类视觉最重要的动物模型， and to leverage杠杆that knowledge知识to treat治疗blindness失明.拟议工作的目标是 确定四种知之甚少的视网膜细胞类型如何有助于视觉处理， 灵长类动物许多视网膜无长突细胞和神经节细胞类型的特征在于， 非灵长类动物的视网膜执行复杂和专门的视觉计算， 诸如运动方向、对象取向以及对象相对于背景运动的信息 from visual视觉input输入.类似的计算是否也发生在灵长类动物的视网膜上尚不清楚， 因为大多数生理学研究只关注20种输出中的5种的作用， 途径。我们已经在猕猴视网膜中鉴定出四种细胞类型， 这五种细胞类型在视觉反应特性上与研究得较好的细胞类型有着有趣的差异。 我们的具体目标是：1）确定A1网络中的活动波有多引人注目 无长突细胞网络塑造了阳伞神经节细胞的光反应特性，2） 确定内在和电路机制如何塑造不寻常的空间和时间 宽刺神经节细胞的反应特性，以及3）确定膜和 感受野特性允许ON型和OFF型平滑单层神经节细胞发出信号 与对应的阳伞细胞传递不同的信息。在这一结论 工作，我们希望有一个更深入的了解视觉计算所执行的 灵长类动物的视网膜和这些计算背后的神经机制。此外，这 该项目将为灵长类动物的视网膜处理方式提供急需的线索，并进一步推广 人的情况与在啮齿动物和其他动物模型中观察到的情况有关。