Economic security policy and birth outcomes among socio-economically disadvantaged women

经济安全政策和社会经济弱势妇女的生育结果

• 批准号: 10588053
• 负责人: Megan Reynolds
• 金额: $ 34.52万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-10 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10588053
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Birth; Black race; COVID-19 pandemic; Data; Diet; Disparity; Disparity population; Economics; Education; Failure; Fetal health; Funding; Goals; Health; Health Promotion; Health behavior; Household; Incidence; Income Tax; Individual; Inequality; Intervention; Knowledge; Link; Living Costs; Living Standards; Low Birth Weight Infant; Low Income Population; Low income; Marital Status; Marketing; Maternal and Child Health; Measures; Mediating; Mediator; Mothers; Outcome; Outcomes Research; Play; Policies; Policy Maker; Poverty; Pregnant Women; Premature Birth; Quasi-experiment; Race; Reduce health disparities; Research; Rewards; Risk; Risk Estimate; Risk Factors; Role; Security; Social Policies; Social status; Stress; Subgroup; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Unmarried; Variant; Wages; Woman; Work; adverse birth outcomes; design; disadvantaged women; economic determinant; food insecurity; graduate school; health care availability; health determinants; improved; improved outcome; innovation; longitudinal dataset; lower income families; novel; nutrition; panel study of income dynamics; population health; prenatal health; prevent; programs; psychological distress; safety net; social; social determinants; socioeconomic disadvantage; socioeconomics; unemployment insurance

Project Summary A growing body of work has demonstrated that increases in the generosity of cash and in-kind benefits received by low-income women from economic security policies (ESPs) are associated with improved birth outcomes, particularly low birth weight (LBW) (less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces) and preterm birth (PTB) (before 37 weeks). Because single ESPs rarely fill all economic gaps, most low-income families do not use ESPs in isolation, but rather “package” them to make ends meet. While the effects of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the minimum wage have been studied extensively, there have been few studies of Unemployment Insurance and no identified studies of the combined effects of these four ESPs. This study builds on existing research that demonstrates positive overall effects of individual ESP generosity on birth outcomes among the low-income population and differential effects based on social statuses. The study also draws from research showing that more generous ESPs improve correlates of maternal-fetal health. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a nationally representative, longitudinal data set, this study will examine how individual ESPs and ESP combinations compare to one another in terms of the size of their effects on LBW and PTB. Additionally, this study will be the first to determine the relative contribution of four potential mediators explaining the link between ESP generosity and birth outcomes (i.e., healthcare access, food insecurity, psychological distress, and prenatal health behaviors). Lastly, this study will identify whether the effects of ESP generosity is moderated by poverty level, race, marital status, and education. As the US social safety net has shifted to one that rewards labor market participation, ESPs have become a more familiar feature of working poor households. These households—low-income, but working— account for the majority of poverty in the US and their ranks are likely to grow in the wake of the Great Recession and the COVID-19 pandemic. This suggests a pressing need for information on which policies generate the greatest returns, how they influence birth outcomes, and for whom they are most effective. As such, this research will contribute significantly to scientific and policy efforts to reduce rates of LBW and PTB among low-income women and reduce inequalities in birth outcomes.

项目摘要 越来越多的工作表明，现金和实物福利的慷慨增加 低收入妇女从经济保障政策（ESP）中获得的福利与改善生育有关 结果，特别是低出生体重（LBW）（小于5磅，8盎司）和早产（PTB）（前 37周）。由于单一的ESP很少能填补所有的经济缺口，大多数低收入家庭在 隔离，而是“包装”他们，使收支平衡。虽然补充营养援助的效果 计划，劳动所得税抵免和最低工资已经被广泛研究， 失业保险的研究很少，也没有确定的研究这四个因素的综合影响 ESP。这项研究建立在现有的研究，证明了积极的整体影响，个人ESP 低收入人口生育结果的慷慨程度和基于社会 状态。该研究还表明，更慷慨的ESP可以改善与 母婴健康使用收入动态的小组研究，一个全国代表性的纵向数据， 集，本研究将探讨如何个别ESP和ESP组合比较，彼此在方面， 它们对LBW和PTB的影响大小。此外，这项研究将是第一个确定相对 四个潜在的调解人解释ESP慷慨和出生结果之间的联系的贡献（即， 卫生保健的获得、粮食不安全、心理困扰和产前健康行为）。最后，本研究将 确定ESP慷慨的影响是否受到贫困水平，种族，婚姻状况的调节， 教育随着美国社会安全网转向奖励劳动力市场参与，ESP已经 成为贫困家庭中较为常见的特征。这些低收入但有工作的家庭 在美国，贫困人口占大多数，在大萧条之后，他们的人数可能会增加。 经济衰退及COVID-19疫情。这表明迫切需要了解哪些政策 产生最大的回报，它们如何影响生育结果，以及它们对谁最有效。作为 因此，这项研究将大大有助于科学和政策的努力，以降低出生体重不足和肺结核的比率 降低低收入妇女的生育率，减少生育结果的不平等。