Novel multi-sensing seat cover system for prevention of sitting-related pressure injuries in individuals with Alzheimer's disease or related dementias

摘要 该项目的长期目标是创建一种基于传感器的监测技术，供护理人员使用， 临床医生和阿尔茨海默病或阿尔茨海默病相关痴呆症患者(AD/ADRD) 以减少与久坐有关的压力性损伤的风险。压力性损伤患病率为 由于生理、认知和行动能力的改变，老年AD/ADRD人群中的比例过高 这会导致坐着的时间增加，对风险因素的认识降低。对AD/ADRD人群的影响是 毁灭性的，因为它会导致经常得不到治疗的疼痛，住院时间会进一步降低功能， 增加需要额外护理支持的可能性，并比那些没有经历过 压伤。该项目专门针对压力、剪切、移动和 通过从多传感器向照顾者实时提供反馈来在坐位表面上的小气候 系统内嵌在座套中。这些因素不能轻易地被照顾者“看到”，而冷漠可能 阻止患有AD/ADRD的人寻求帮助以缓解问题，反馈将会增加 护理者意识到，这样他们就可以在压力性损伤出现之前采取行动。虽然传感器的存在是为了检测 潮湿或跌倒风险，没有持续检测并向护理人员显示有关压力的有意义的数据， 切变、运动或小气候因素直接影响人体与坐位之间的距离。这样做的目的是 项目是与AD/ADRD患者的照顾者和传感器专家利益相关者接触 技术、压力伤害预防和医疗器械创新，以设计可接受、可用和 可行的多传感器座套及相关软件集成。研究设计采用混合设计 方法，包括使用调查，一系列有经验的照顾者的焦点小组 AD/ADRD人群中的压力性损伤，以及可用性评估。专家利益相关者设计 审查小组将在整个项目期间召开会议，审查护理人员的用户要求，并建立 一套全面的设计要求。多传感器技术的原型开发将会发生 在整个项目中，考虑照顾者和利益相关者的需求反馈。由此产生的 概念验证多传感器座套和更新的面向用户的软件将进行初步性能 测试准确性、耐用性和有效性。这个项目的前提是通过提供全天的 关于AD/ADRD患者和他们的坐位之间直接情况的有意义的细节， 护理者将可以访问当前不存在的信息，然后他们可以采取适当的 降低风险的治疗行动。该系统有可能降低压力性损伤的发生率。 通过提高认识、及早发现和降低风险来治疗。

ABSTRACT The long-term objective of this project is to create a sensor-based monitoring technology for use by caregivers, clinicians, and individuals living with Alzheimer’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease related dementia (AD/ADRD) to mitigate the risk of pressure injuries related to prolonged sitting. Pressure injury prevalence is disproportionately high in the aging AD/ADRD population due to physiological, cognitive, and mobility changes that lead to increased sitting time and reduced awareness of risk factors. Impact on the AD/ADRD population is devastating because it leads to pain that often is untreated, hospital stays which further reduce function, increase likelihood of needing additional care support, and earlier death than those who do not experience a pressure injury. This project specifically addresses external risk factors of pressure, shear, movement, and microclimate at the sitting surface by providing feedback to the caregiver in real-time from a multi-sensing system embedded in a seat cover. These factors can’t be readily “seen” by the caregiver and apathy may prevent someone with AD/ADRD from seeking assistance to mitigate a problem, the feedback will increase caregiver awareness so that they can take action before pressure injuries appear. While sensors exist to detect moisture or fall risk, none continuously detect and display meaningful data to the caregiver about pressure, shear, movement or microclimate factors directly between the person and their sitting surface. The goal of this project is to engage with caregivers of individuals with AD/ADRD and stakeholders who are experts in sensor technology, pressure injury prevention, and medical device innovation to design an acceptable, usable, and feasible multi-sensing seat cover and associated software integration. The research design uses mixed methods and includes the use of a survey, a series of focus groups with caregivers who have had experience with pressure injuries in the AD/ADRD population, and usability assessments. An expert stakeholder design review team will meet throughout the project to review user requirements from caregivers and build a comprehensive set of design requirements. Prototype development of the multi-sensor technology will occur throughout the project with consideration of caregiver and stakeholder requirement feedback. The resulting proof-of-concept multi-sensing seat cover and updated user-facing software will undergo initial performance testing for accuracy, durability, and validity. This project is based on the premise that by providing day-long meaningful detail about the conditions directly between a person with AD/ADRD and their sitting surface, caregivers will have access to information that currently does not exist, and they can then take appropriate therapeutic action to mitigate risks. This system has the potential to reduce pressure injury prevalence therapeutically through awareness, early detection, and risk mitigation.