Uncertainty, inference, and introspection in the primate visual system

灵长类动物视觉系统的不确定性、推理和内省

• 批准号: 10606566
• 负责人: Robbe L Goris
• 金额: $ 39.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-05-01 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10606566
• 关键词: Afferent Neurons; Agnosia; Amblyopia; Animals; Area; Bayesian Analysis; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Paradigm; Brain; Code; Cognition; Communication; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Development; Dyslexia; Environment; Foundations; Goals; Human; Knowledge; Macaca; Measures; Memory; Modeling; Monkeys; Nature; Neurons; Noise; Outcome; Pathology; Perception; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Probability; Process; Property; Public Health; Reporting; Role; Saccades; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Sensory Process; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Surveys; System; Testing; Uncertainty; V1 neuron; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual System; Volatilization; Work; area V1; area striata; autism spectrum disorder; awake; computerized tools; experience; neural; neural circuit; neural correlate; novel; orientation selectivity; response; sample fixation; sensory input; sensory integration; theories; vision science; visual information; visual process; visual processing; willingness

Title Uncertainty, inference, and introspection in the primate visual system Abstract Perceptual systems offer a window onto a world that cannot be known perfectly. Uncertainty about the world can arise externally, when sensory cues are incomplete or contradictory, or internally, when noise corrupts neural representations. Ideal perceptual systems do not ignore uncertainty, but take it into account. For example, if a sensory cue is ambiguous, prior experience should guide the interpretation of the environment. Likewise, the reliability of sensory signals should inform confidence in perceptual decisions. When humans and monkeys perform perceptual tasks, they often follow these normative predictions. This implies that the neural circuits which process sensory information also survey the uncertainty of this information, and put this estimate to use for perceptual inference and perceptual introspection. How they do so is not well understood. A more precise understanding of the neural processing of sensory uncertainty and its role in perception and cognition may help to advance the treatment of pathologies such as agnosia, autism, and schizophrenia. Recently, several theoretical frameworks have been proposed that offer explicit accounts of the neural processing of uncertainty in low-level sensory and high-level decision-making circuits (linear probabilistic population codes, quadratic probabilistic population codes, temporal sampling models, and the curved manifold hypothesis). These developments form the background for this proposal. We will trace the processing of sensory uncertainty from its initial computation and representation in early visual cortex to its eventual use in informing confidence in perceptual decisions and in regulating the integration of sensory signals and prior information in high-level decision-making areas in prefrontal cortex. We will use the data we collect to compare and contrast the predictions of various theories of neural coding. First, we will study V1 population activity in awake, fixating macaques while presenting stimuli whose orientation uncertainty is manipulated in distinct ways. Next, we will examine how neural activity in primary visual cortex informs confidence in a perceptual estimate of stimulus orientation. Finally, we will identify how sensory uncertainty shapes neural population representations in prefrontal cortex during a perceptual inference task. The outcomes of this work will not only enhance our understanding of the visual system, but will also provide a novel experimental paradigm to study perceptual introspection in animals and a novel computational tool for analyzing behavioral confidence reports.

标题 灵长类动物视觉系统的不确定性、推理和内省 抽象的 感知系统提供了一扇通往无法完全了解的世界的窗口。世界的不确定性 当感觉线索不完整或矛盾时，可能会在外部出现；当噪音破坏神经时，可能会在内部出现 交涉。理想的感知系统不会忽视不确定性，而是将其考虑在内。例如，如果一个 感官提示是模糊的，之前的经验应该指导对环境的解释。同样， 感官信号的可靠性应该为感知决策带来信心。当人类和猴子 在执行感知任务时，他们通常遵循这些规范预测。这意味着神经回路 处理感官信息还调查该信息的不确定性，并将该估计用于 感性推理和感性内省。他们如何做到这一点尚不清楚。更精确的 了解感觉不确定性的神经处理及其在感知和认知中的作用可能会有所帮助 推进失认症、自闭症和精神分裂症等疾病的治疗。近来，几 已经提出的理论框架为不确定性的神经处理提供了明确的解释 在低级感觉和高级决策电路中（线性概率总体代码、二次 概率总体代码、时间采样模型和曲线流形假设）。这些 事态发展构成了该提案的背景。我们将追踪感觉不确定性的处理过程 它在早期视觉皮层中的初始计算和表示，到最终用于告知人们的信心 感知决策以及调节高层感觉信号和先验信息的整合 前额皮质的决策区域。我们将使用收集到的数据来比较和对比 各种神经编码理论的预测。首先，我们将研究清醒、注视时的 V1 群体活动 猕猴在呈现刺激时，其方向不确定性以不同的方式被操纵。接下来，我们将 检查初级视觉皮层的神经活动如何增强对刺激的感知估计的信心 方向。最后，我们将确定感觉不确定性如何塑造神经群体表征 感知推理任务期间的前额皮质。这项工作的成果不仅将增强我们的 视觉系统的理解，但也将为研究感知提供一种新颖的实验范式 动物内省和用于分析行为信心报告的新型计算工具。