Categorical and dimensional investigations of dynamic functional connectivity and behavior during response inhibition in children with and without ADHD

项目总结 注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)是最常见的神经发育障碍 全球约有5%-10%的儿童受到影响。ADHD的特征是核心症状 注意力不集中、多动和冲动，尽管ADHD的表型有很大的异质性。大有可为 对儿童ADHD表型背后的特定神经功能障碍的研究采用了分类 方法，将患有ADHD的儿童与典型的发育儿童进行比较。然而，无论有没有孩子， ADHD的临床诊断经历了广泛的ADHD相关症状。作为患有ADHD的个体 无论诊断结果如何，症状负担都面临长期负面结果的风险，拟议的研究将 从分类和维度上研究ADHD的表型，以增加对神经的了解 临床和非临床人群中ADHD症状负担的基础。因此，拟议的研究将 使用一种新的动态功能连接性方法来确定基于任务的功能变量 ADHD儿童和非ADHD儿童的连通性和行为不同(分类方法； 具体目标1)，以及ADHD症状负担、功能连接之间是否存在关系 连续测量ADHD相关症状的大样本儿童的动力学和行为 (维度方法；具体目标2)。探索性目标3将进一步探讨ADHD症状的异质性 ADHD内部和跨ADHD的负担，通过使用社区检测算法来识别分组 表现出相似症状的ADHD患者和非ADHD患者的比例。加在一起，三个目标 拟议的研究将有助于制定能够识别个人身份的战略 世卫组织可能受益于ADHD症状负担的跨诊断类别的治疗和干预。

PROJECT SUMMARY Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood and affects approximately 5-10% of children worldwide. ADHD is characterized by core symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, though there is much heterogeneity in the ADHD phenotype. Much research into the specific neural dysfunction underlying the pediatric ADHD phenotype has employed categorical approaches, comparing children with ADHD to typically developing children. However, children with and without clinical ADHD diagnoses experience a wide range of ADHD-related symptoms. As individuals with ADHD symptom burden, regardless of diagnosis, are at risk for negative-long term outcomes, the proposed studies will investigate the ADHD phenotype categorically and dimensionally to increase the understanding of the neural substrates of ADHD symptom burden in clinical and nonclinical populations. As such, the proposed research will use a novel dynamic functional connectivity method to determine whether task-based variations in functional connectivity and behavior differ in children with ADHD and in children without ADHD (categorical approach; Specific Aim 1), and whether there are relationships among ADHD symptom burden, functional connectivity dynamics, and behavior in a large sample of children with continuous ADHD-related symptom measures (dimensional approach; Specific Aim 2). Exploratory Aim 3 will further probe the heterogeneity in ADHD symptom burden that exists within and across ADHD by using a community detection algorithm to identify subgroupings of individuals with and without ADHD that exhibit similar symptom profiles. Together, the three aims of the proposed research will contribute to the development of strategies that allow for the identification of individuals who may benefit from treatment and intervention for ADHD symptom burden across diagnostic categories.