Categorical and dimensional investigations of dynamic functional connectivity and behavior during response inhibition in children with and without ADHD

项目摘要 注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是最常见的神经发育障碍 它影响着全世界大约5-10%的儿童。多动症的特征是核心症状 注意力不集中、多动和冲动，尽管在ADHD表型中有很多异质性。多 对儿童ADHD表型背后的特定神经功能障碍的研究采用了分类 方法，将患有ADHD的儿童与正常发育的儿童进行比较。然而，有和没有的儿童 临床ADHD诊断经历了广泛的ADHD相关症状。作为多动症患者 症状负担，无论诊断如何，都有负面长期结局的风险，拟议的研究将 调查ADHD表型分类和维度，以增加对神经系统的理解， 临床和非临床人群中ADHD症状负担的底物。因此，拟议的研究将 使用一种新的动态功能连接方法来确定功能中基于任务的变化是否 ADHD儿童和非ADHD儿童的连接和行为不同（分类方法; 具体目标1），以及ADHD症状负担、功能连接之间是否存在关系 动力学和行为在一个大样本的儿童与持续多动症相关的症状措施 （具体目标2）。探索性目标3将进一步探索ADHD症状的异质性 通过使用社区检测算法来识别亚群，消除ADHD内部和整个ADHD之间存在的负担 有多动症和没有多动症的人表现出相似的症状。总的来说， 拟议的研究将有助于制定战略，使个人的识别 谁可能受益于治疗和干预ADHD症状负担的诊断类别。

PROJECT SUMMARY Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood and affects approximately 5-10% of children worldwide. ADHD is characterized by core symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, though there is much heterogeneity in the ADHD phenotype. Much research into the specific neural dysfunction underlying the pediatric ADHD phenotype has employed categorical approaches, comparing children with ADHD to typically developing children. However, children with and without clinical ADHD diagnoses experience a wide range of ADHD-related symptoms. As individuals with ADHD symptom burden, regardless of diagnosis, are at risk for negative-long term outcomes, the proposed studies will investigate the ADHD phenotype categorically and dimensionally to increase the understanding of the neural substrates of ADHD symptom burden in clinical and nonclinical populations. As such, the proposed research will use a novel dynamic functional connectivity method to determine whether task-based variations in functional connectivity and behavior differ in children with ADHD and in children without ADHD (categorical approach; Specific Aim 1), and whether there are relationships among ADHD symptom burden, functional connectivity dynamics, and behavior in a large sample of children with continuous ADHD-related symptom measures (dimensional approach; Specific Aim 2). Exploratory Aim 3 will further probe the heterogeneity in ADHD symptom burden that exists within and across ADHD by using a community detection algorithm to identify subgroupings of individuals with and without ADHD that exhibit similar symptom profiles. Together, the three aims of the proposed research will contribute to the development of strategies that allow for the identification of individuals who may benefit from treatment and intervention for ADHD symptom burden across diagnostic categories.