Neural basis of limb selection in unimanual reaching

单手抓取肢体选择的神经基础

• 批准号: 10609904
• 负责人: ERIC F MOOSHAGIAN
• 金额: $ 44.53万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-15 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10609904
• 关键词: Affect; Animals; Attention; Behavior; Bilateral; Biomechanics; Brain; Code; Communication; Contralateral; Corpus Callosum; Decision Making; Dimensions; Experimental Designs; Eye; Face; Fiber; Foundations; Future; Goals; Hand; Hand functions; Handedness; Ipsilateral; Left; Lidocaine; Light; Limb structure; Macaca; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Movement; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Physiological; Physiology; Positioning Attribute; Preparation; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Role; Saccades; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Stroke; System; Telephone; Testing; Time; Training; Traumatic Brain Injury; Work; arm; arm movement; daily functioning; insight; motor behavior; motor control; neglect; nervous system disorder; neural; nonhuman primate; preference; response; visual motor

Abstract The central goal of this proposal is to understand the neural systems subserving the decision to use the left or right hand1 – a simple choice that is central to our daily functions. Here we focus on parietal mechanisms of limb selection. Despite it being one of the most common decisions faced in everyday behavior, a largely neglected aspect of decision making is deciding which hand to use to achieve a goal. For instance, when deciding which hand to use to flip a light switch upon entering a room, the choice is influenced by many factors. These factors include what each hand is already doing (e.g, holding a phone), proximity of each hand to the switch, and future goals (e.g., desire to subsequently pick up an object with a particular hand). Our long- term goals are to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms of limb selection and movement coordination. Because limb selection is present in most behaviors, this work will provide insights broadly applicable to motor control. The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is known to be involved in the planning and control of actions in an effector-specific manner. An emerging concept is that the same PPC regions that are involved in movement preparation and control also participate in action selection. We recently demonstrated that a parietal region known to contribute to the planning of arm movements and dubbed “the parietal reach region” (PRR), codes the spatial targets for reaches with the contralateral arm but receives information about the ipsilateral arm from the opposite hemisphere. PRR has also been implicated in the decision to reach versus saccade to a spatial target. In our first aim, we characterize limb selection behavior and determine the factors that drive limb selection. In our second aim we test the hypothesis that PRR is involved in limb selection during unimanual reaching. Next, we examine interhemispheric communication as a function of limb choice. Finally, we use reversible inactivation of the callosal fibers connecting PRR in each hemisphere to determine the role of interhemispheric competition in determining which limb to use. Collectively, these studies will have a broad impact on the field by illuminating the roles of PPC and callosal connections in a fundamental choice motor behavior. The results will lay the foundation for future studies that probe the larger bilateral frontoparietal network involved in movement control. The work may inform rehabilitation approaches for patients with neurological disorders including stroke and traumatic brain injuries in whom limb use is affected. 1 We will use the terms limb, arm, and hand interchangeably.

摘要这项建议的中心目标是理解为决策服务的神经系统 使用左手或右手1--这是一个简单的选择，对我们的日常功能至关重要。在这里，我们主要关注顶叶 肢体选择的机制。尽管这是日常行为中最常见的决定之一， 决策的一个很大程度上被忽视的方面是决定用哪只手来实现目标。例如, 当决定进入房间时用哪只手拨动电灯开关时，选择受到许多因素的影响 各种因素。这些因素包括每只手已经在做什么(例如，拿着手机)、每只手的接近程度 到开关，以及未来的目标(例如，希望随后用特定的手拿起物体)。我们的长- 学期目标是阐明肢体选择和运动协调的基本机制。 由于肢体选择存在于大多数行为中，这项工作将提供广泛适用于运动的见解 控制力。众所周知，后顶叶皮质(PPC)参与计划和控制动作。 效应器特定的方式。一个新兴的概念是，参与运动的相同的PPC区域 准备和控制也参与了动作选择。我们最近证明了顶叶区域 已知对手臂运动的规划有贡献，并被称为“顶端到达区”(PRR)，代码 的空间目标到达对侧手臂，但从接收有关同侧手臂的信息 另一个半球。PRR也被牵连到决定伸展而不是扫视到一个空间 目标。在我们的第一个目标中，我们表征肢体选择行为，并确定驱动肢体的因素 选择。在我们的第二个目标中，我们测试了这样的假设，即PRR参与了单手操作中的肢体选择 伸手可及。接下来，我们研究大脑半球间的通讯与肢体选择的关系。最后，我们使用 可逆性失活连接双侧大脑半球PRR的胼胝体纤维以确定 大脑半球之间的竞争，以决定使用哪一条肢体。总体而言，这些研究将具有广泛的 通过阐明基本选择电机中PPC和膝盖骨连接的作用对场的影响 行为。这些结果将为未来探索更大的双侧额顶叶的研究奠定基础 参与移动控制的网络。这项工作可能为慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者提供康复方法。 影响肢体使用的神经系统疾病，包括中风和创伤性脑损伤。 1我们将交替使用肢体、手臂和手这三个术语。