Promoting effective coping by children exposed to post-divorce interparental conflict to reduce risk for mental health problems

项目摘要/摘要 K01将为首席研究员Karey O‘Hara博士提供培训和指导研究经验 这将支持她转变为一名独立的干预科学家，专门研究优化的 针对暴露在无法控制的压力源下的儿童的预防计划，这些计划是理论驱动的、有效的和可扩展的。 这本K01的重点是关于离婚后子女暴露在父母之间的冲突中。培训计划提供(1) 制定和评估干预措施的技能，包括多阶段优化战略(MOST)20 框架、生态瞬时评估(EMA)、基于理论的干预开发和随机化 对照试验(RCT)，(2)应用以用户为中心的设计(UCD)的经验8，9策略，以鼓励 实施成功。这些培训目标将通过讲习班(如MOST、UCD、EMA)实现 和课程作业(例如，关于实验和准实验设计的研讨会、基于网络的程序设计、 以理论为基础的离婚方案)，以及教学指导(即定向阅读)、动手培训(即， 大规模随机对照研究、现有EMA数据分析)和有指导的研究经验。拟议的K01培训 研究活动将在亚利桑那州立大学(ASU)心理学和 研究和教育促进儿童健康(REACH)研究所。主要导师将由以下人员提供 Sharlene Wolchik博士(亚利桑那州立大学；儿童心理健康和父母离婚、干预发展和 评估)和共同指导将由欧文·桑德勒博士(亚利桑那州立大学；儿童压力和应对方面的专家， 父母离婚、干预发展和评估)和Stephen West博士(亚利桑那州立大学，析因设计专家， 因果推断、纵向分析、方案评估)。此外，奥哈拉博士还将接受博士的培训。 琳达·柯林斯(宾夕法尼亚州立大学，MOST开发人员)，E.Mark Cummings博士(圣母大学，专家 父母间冲突)，Aaron Lyon博士(华盛顿大学，UCD策略专家)和Harry Reis博士 (罗切斯特大学，EMA专家)。拟议项目的总体目标是制定一项 对离婚后高度父母间冲突的儿童进行优化干预，因为这是一个主要的风险因素 针对经历过离婚的儿童的心理健康问题。为了实现目标1，我将使用UCD策略 (调查、焦点小组、量化措施、用户测试)以确定潜在最终用户的信息 需求、偏好、可用性和满意度。为了达到目标2，我将应用最多，并进行阶乘 分离基于网络的应对干预组件的效果的优化试验。这项研究与 NIMH“实验治疗学”方法的干预开发和评价。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This K01 will provide the principal investigator, Dr. Karey O’Hara, with training and mentored research experiences that will support her transition to an independent intervention scientist specializing in the development of optimized preventive programs for children exposed to uncontrollable stressors that are theory-driven, effective, and scalable. The focus of this K01 is on children’s exposure to interparental conflict after divorce. The training plan provides (1) skills in intervention development and evaluation, including the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST)20 framework, ecological momentary assessment (EMA), theory-based intervention development, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), (2) experience in applying user-centered design (UCD)8,9 strategies to encourage implementation success. These training goals will be accomplished through workshops (e.g., MOST, UCD, EMA) and coursework (e.g., seminars on experimental and quasi-experimental design, web-based program design, theory-based programs for divorce), as well as didactic instruction (i.e., directed readings), hands-on training (i.e., large-scale RCT, analysis of existing EMA data), and mentored research experiences. The proposed K01 training and research activities will be executed at Arizona State University’s (ASU’s) Department of Psychology and Research and Education Advancing Children’s Health (REACH) Institute. Primary mentorship will be provided by Dr. Sharlene Wolchik (ASU; expert in children’s mental health and parental divorce, intervention development and evaluation) and co-mentorship will be provided by Dr. Irwin Sandler (ASU; expert in children’s stress and coping, parental divorce, intervention development and evaluation) and Dr. Stephen West (ASU; expert in factorial design, causal inference, longitudinal analysis, program evaluation). In addition, Dr. O’Hara will receive training from Dr. Linda Collins (Penn State; developer of MOST), Dr. E. Mark Cummings (University of Notre Dame; expert in interparental conflict), Dr. Aaron Lyon (University of Washington; expert in UCD strategies), and Dr. Harry Reis (University of Rochester; expert in EMA). The overarching objective of the proposed projects is to develop an optimized intervention for children exposed to high post-divorce interparental conflict, as this is a leading risk factor for mental health problems in children who experience divorce. To achieve Aim 1, I will use UCD strategies (surveys, focus groups, quantitative measures, user-testing) to ascertain information from potential end-users on needs, preferences, usability, and satisfaction. To achieve Aim 2, I will apply MOST and conduct a factorial optimization trial to isolate effects of web-based coping intervention components. This research aligns with the NIMH “experimental therapeutics” approach to intervention development and evaluation.