Promoting effective coping by children exposed to post-divorce interparental conflict to reduce risk for mental health problems

项目总结/摘要 该K 01将为主要研究者Karey O 'Hara博士提供培训和指导研究经验 这将支持她过渡到一个独立的干预科学家，专门从事优化的发展， 为面临无法控制的压力源的儿童提供预防方案，这些方案是理论驱动的，有效的，可扩展的。 本K 01的重点是离婚后儿童面临的父母间冲突。培训计划提供（1） 制定和评估干预措施的技能，包括多阶段优化战略20 框架，生态瞬时评估（EMA），基于理论的干预发展，以及随机 对照试验（RCT），（2）应用以用户为中心的设计（UCD）的经验8，9策略，以鼓励 实施成功。这些培训目标将通过讲习班来实现（例如，MOST、UCD、EMA） 和课程作业（例如，实验和准实验设计研讨会，基于网络的程序设计， 基于理论的离婚计划），以及说教式的指导（即，指导阅读），动手训练（即， 大规模随机对照试验，分析现有的EMA数据），并指导研究经验。K 01培训 研究活动将在亚利桑那州立大学（ASU）心理学系进行， 研究和教育促进儿童健康（REACH）研究所。初级指导将由 博士Sharlene Wolchik（亚利桑那州立大学;儿童心理健康和父母离婚，干预发展和 评估）和共同指导将提供欧文桑德勒博士（亚利桑那州立大学;专家在儿童的压力和应对， 父母离婚，干预发展和评估）和斯蒂芬韦斯特博士（亚利桑那州立大学;因子设计专家， 因果推理、纵向分析、项目评估）。此外，O 'Hara博士还将接受Dr. 琳达柯林斯（宾夕法尼亚州立大学; MOST的开发者），E。Mark Cummings（圣母大学; 父母之间的冲突），亚伦里昂博士（华盛顿大学;在UCD战略专家），和博士哈利Reis （罗切斯特大学; EMA专家）。拟议项目的总体目标是制定一个 优化对离婚后父母间冲突高的儿童的干预，因为这是一个主要的风险因素 离婚儿童的心理健康问题。为了实现目标1，我将使用UCD策略 （调查、重点小组、量化措施、用户测试），以确定潜在最终用户关于 需求、偏好、可用性和满意度。为了实现目标2，我将应用MOST并进行阶乘 优化试验，以隔离基于网络的应对干预组件的影响。这项研究符合 NIMH的“实验治疗学”干预开发和评估方法。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This K01 will provide the principal investigator, Dr. Karey O’Hara, with training and mentored research experiences that will support her transition to an independent intervention scientist specializing in the development of optimized preventive programs for children exposed to uncontrollable stressors that are theory-driven, effective, and scalable. The focus of this K01 is on children’s exposure to interparental conflict after divorce. The training plan provides (1) skills in intervention development and evaluation, including the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST)20 framework, ecological momentary assessment (EMA), theory-based intervention development, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), (2) experience in applying user-centered design (UCD)8,9 strategies to encourage implementation success. These training goals will be accomplished through workshops (e.g., MOST, UCD, EMA) and coursework (e.g., seminars on experimental and quasi-experimental design, web-based program design, theory-based programs for divorce), as well as didactic instruction (i.e., directed readings), hands-on training (i.e., large-scale RCT, analysis of existing EMA data), and mentored research experiences. The proposed K01 training and research activities will be executed at Arizona State University’s (ASU’s) Department of Psychology and Research and Education Advancing Children’s Health (REACH) Institute. Primary mentorship will be provided by Dr. Sharlene Wolchik (ASU; expert in children’s mental health and parental divorce, intervention development and evaluation) and co-mentorship will be provided by Dr. Irwin Sandler (ASU; expert in children’s stress and coping, parental divorce, intervention development and evaluation) and Dr. Stephen West (ASU; expert in factorial design, causal inference, longitudinal analysis, program evaluation). In addition, Dr. O’Hara will receive training from Dr. Linda Collins (Penn State; developer of MOST), Dr. E. Mark Cummings (University of Notre Dame; expert in interparental conflict), Dr. Aaron Lyon (University of Washington; expert in UCD strategies), and Dr. Harry Reis (University of Rochester; expert in EMA). The overarching objective of the proposed projects is to develop an optimized intervention for children exposed to high post-divorce interparental conflict, as this is a leading risk factor for mental health problems in children who experience divorce. To achieve Aim 1, I will use UCD strategies (surveys, focus groups, quantitative measures, user-testing) to ascertain information from potential end-users on needs, preferences, usability, and satisfaction. To achieve Aim 2, I will apply MOST and conduct a factorial optimization trial to isolate effects of web-based coping intervention components. This research aligns with the NIMH “experimental therapeutics” approach to intervention development and evaluation.