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Impact of Environmental Modifications on Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax Malaria Epidemiology and Disease Burden

环境改造对恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫的影响疟疾流行病学和疾病负担

基本信息

批准号：
10608068
负责人：
Beyene Petros
金额：
$ 47.97万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-04-15 至 2024-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10608068
关键词：
Affect Africa South of the Sahara African Agriculture Antibodies Antibody Response Antigens Antimalarials Area Basic Science Biological Markers Blood Chloroquine Clinic Clinical Cohort Studies Combined Modality Therapy Communities Country Cross-Sectional Studies Culicidae Data Development Disease Dose Droughts Drug resistance Ecological Change Economic Development Economics Effectiveness Environmental Impact Environmental Monitoring Epidemiology Ethiopia Falciparum Malaria Famines Farm Floods Frequencies Genetic Genetic Structures Genetic Variation Government Growth Health Hospitals Household Human Immune response Incidence Individual Infection Intervention Irrigation Kenya Longevity Longitudinal cohort study Malaria Malaria prevention Measurement Measures Microsatellite Repeats Microscopy Modification Molecular Monitor Morbidity - disease rate Movement Parasite resistance Parasites Participant Pathogenesis Persons Plasma Plasmodium Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Population Population Genetics Predisposition Prevalence Primaquine Program Evaluation Rain Recommendation Recurrence Resource Development Risk Rural Salivary Proteins Scheme Severity of illness Site Sporozoites Testing Time Translational Research Vector-transmitted infectious disease Vivax Malaria Vulnerable Populations Water adverse outcome age stratification burden of illness deep sequencing design disorder risk dosage effectiveness evaluation environmental change experience food security human migration improved insight land cover land use malaria transmission population movement public health relevance relapse risk response routine care seroconversion spatiotemporal synergism tool transmission process treatment strategy vector control

项目摘要

PROJECT 1 PROJECT SUMMARY Impact of Environmental Modifications on Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax Malaria Epidemiology and Disease Burden Severe droughts have plagued the African continent for centuries. Most people in African countries depend on rain-fed agriculture, making these populations vulnerable to drought and famine. Construction of dams and initiating rural irrigation schemes has been widely recognized as key solutions to food security and economic growth in drought prone regions. In the past decade, sub-Saharan African countries have experienced a new era of large dam constructions and expansion of irrigated agricultural farms. These environmental changes may have unforeseen ecologic consequences that adversely affect human health. To date, there has been limited basic or translational research evaluating the impact of environmental modifications on the epidemiology of malaria. The overarching objective of this project is to assess the impact of environmental modifications from water resource development projects and shifting agricultural practices on the change of epidemiology of malaria at the molecular, individual, field and population levels. The central hypothesis is that ecological changes and large-scale human population movement resulting from dam construction, flooding of the dam catchment and shifting of agriculture practices will modify the transmission and risk of malaria in the area. We will test this hypothesis by monitoring ecological changes, conducting repeated cross-sectional surveys and longitudinal cohort studies in the community, and passive surveillance for malaria in health centers and hospitals. The three specific aims are to: 1) compare symptomatic malaria burden and spectrum of disease severity in areas of diverse eco-epidemiologic settings with drastic environmental modifications and differing prevalence of Plasmodium species, 2) examine the effect of human migration associated with construction of dams and irrigation farming on the landscape genetics of malaria parasites, and 3) assess the effectiveness of recently introduced primaquine treatment strategies on the risk of Plasmodium vivax recurrence and P. falciparum transmission under different environmental conditions in Ethiopia. Because the irrigated area of sub-Saharan Africa and the number of large hydropower dams are anticipated to increase dramatically in the next decade, understanding the impact of water development projects on malaria epidemiology and subsequently developing strategies to reduce transmission and morbidity will be of paramount importance. Although this study is conducted only in highly populated areas in Kenya and Ethiopia, we anticipate that our findings and tools will have broad implications for malaria prevention and control in other regions of sub-Saharan Africa that are undergoing similar environmental modifications.

项目1 项目总结环境改造对恶性疟原虫的影响和间日疟原虫流行病学和疾病负担几个世纪以来，严重的干旱一直困扰着非洲大陆。大多数非洲人国家依赖雨水灌溉的农业，使这些人口容易受到干旱和饥荒。修建大坝和启动农村灌溉计划得到了广泛的应用被认为是干旱易发地区粮食安全和经济增长的关键解决办法。在过去的十年里，撒哈拉以南的非洲国家经历了一个新的大坝时代新建和扩建灌溉农业农场。这些环境变化可能会产生不可预见的生态后果，对人类健康造成不利影响。到目前为止，评估环境影响的基础或转化性研究有限关于疟疾流行病学的修改。这个项目的总体目标是评估水资源开发对环境变化的影响关于疟疾流行病学变化的项目和转变的农业做法分子水平、个体水平、领域水平和种群水平。中心假设是大坝引发的生态变化与人口大规模迁移建设、大坝集水区的洪水泛滥和农业做法的转变将修改疟疾在该地区的传播和风险。我们将通过以下方式验证这一假设监测生态变化，反复进行横断面调查和纵向调查社区中的队列研究，以及卫生中心和医院。这三个具体目标是：1)比较有症状的疟疾负担和不同生态流行病学环境地区的疾病严重程度范围环境变化和不同种类疟原虫的流行，2)检查与修建水坝和灌溉农业相关的人类迁徙对疟疾寄生虫的景观遗传学，以及3)评估最近介绍了伯氨喹治疗间日疟原虫复发风险的策略和恶性疟原虫在埃塞俄比亚不同环境条件下的传播。因为撒哈拉以南非洲的灌溉面积和大型水电大坝的数量预计在未来十年将大幅增加，了解水的影响关于疟疾流行病学的发展项目，并随后制定战略以减少传播和发病率将是至关重要的。尽管这项研究是只在肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚人口稠密的地区进行，我们预计我们的研究结果和工具将对#年疟疾预防和控制产生广泛影响。撒哈拉以南非洲的其他地区正在经历类似的环境修改。