Developing and testing a mobile health intervention to promote sun protection behaviors and skin examination among Hispanics

开发和测试移动健康干预措施，以促进西班牙裔人的防晒行为和皮肤检查

• 批准号: 10610451
• 负责人: Zhaomeng Niu
• 金额: $ 12.52万
• 依托单位: RUTGERS BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-15 至 2024-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10610451
• 关键词: Acculturation; Address; Adolescent; Awareness; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Benefits and Risks; Cancer Intervention; Cellular Phone; Child; Communities; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Early Diagnosis; Ethnic Population; Focus Groups; Foundations; Funding; Future; Genomics; Grant; Health; Health Personnel; Health behavior; Hispanic; Hispanic Populations; Incidence; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Malignant Neoplasms; Mentors; Multimedia; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities; Not Hispanic or Latino; Occupational; Occupational Exposure; Occupations; Outcome; Participant; Perception; Persons; Phase; Physical activity; Pilot Projects; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Populations at Risk; Preparation; Preventive; Process; Protocols documentation; Randomized, Controlled Trials; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction; Risk Reduction Behavior; Sampling; Self-Examination; Services; Skin; Skin Cancer; Suggestion; Sum; Sunscreening Agents; Surveys; Survival Rate; Symptoms; Testing; Time; Training; Treatment Efficacy; UV Radiation Exposure; Ultraviolet Rays; Underserved Population; United States; Woman; acceptability and feasibility; anticancer research; arm; career; cost; cost effective; digital intervention; digital technology; efficacy evaluation; evidence base; experience; follow-up; health disparity; hispanic community; improved; improved outcome; industry involvement; information gathering; innovation; intervention effect; intervention refinement; mHealth; melanoma; member; mortality; nutrition; patient engagement; pilot test; post intervention; prevent; programs; public health intervention; racial population; retention rate; satisfaction; scale up; skin cancer prevention; social culture; sun protection; sun safety; theories; therapy development; tumor; web-based intervention

ABSTRACT Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States (US). Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. In the past two decades, melanoma incidence among Hispanics has risen by 20%. The mortality rate of Hispanics is higher compared to Non-Hispanic whites (NHW). In general, compared to NHW, Hispanics diagnosed with melanoma are younger, have thicker tumors, and have worse survival rates. Skin cancer can be prevented with regular sun protection, and early detection can improve skin cancer outcomes. The Hispanic population is the fastest growing ethnic group in the US. Alarmingly, Hispanics are less aware of the symptoms and harms of skin cancers, tend to have misperceptions regarding the risks and benefits of skin cancer prevention behaviors, engage in less sun protection behaviors than NHW, and only 18% of them reported ever having done a skin self-examination. In addition, due to the increase of acculturation of Hispanics in the US, their sun-safety behaviors are poorer than non-US Hispanics. Occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a risk factor for skin cancer, and Hispanic individuals are over-represented in a number of outdoor occupations. Approximately 21% of the 2018 US Hispanic workforce were employed in industries that involved significant amounts of occupational UVR exposure such as construction. Therefore, an increasing effort to raise awareness regarding sun protection and skin self-examination behaviors is needed to address the existing gap of skin cancer research among Hispanics. This research project seeks to develop a mobile-based and user-centered intervention to promote sun protection and skin self-examination among a diverse sample of Hispanics using an iterative approach to capture relevant contextual issues and evaluate the preliminary effects of the intervention. During the K99 phase, I will: 1) collect, analyze, and triangulate data from the Hispanic community and other stakeholders (e.g., health care providers and community leaders) for skin cancer digital intervention development; and 2) through a user- centered approach, develop an innovative WhatsApp intervention to promote skin cancer-related health behaviors among Hispanics to improve participants’ engagement in the intervention. During the R00 phase, I will: 3) evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of this mobile intervention in a pre-, post-test study among Hispanics at risk for skin cancer; and 4) refine the intervention and conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial using this mobile service among Hispanics at risk for skin cancers and assess the preliminary effects of the mobile intervention at post-intervention and 6-month follow-up. The intervention has strong potential for cost- effective, widespread dissemination and targets an understudied group at-risk for future cancer development. The training experiences and mentoring obtained during this K99/R00 project are critical foundations for a successful independent cancer research career.

摘要