HIV promotes dendritic degeneration by altering microtubule-associated protein

摘要 尽管有抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)，但艾滋病毒会导致认知和精神健康障碍，称为艾滋病毒- 相关神经认知障碍(手)。手部病理，以突触树突为特征 损伤，类似于在老化的大脑中观察到的。目前，手部还没有有效的治疗方法。在……里面 此外，有人认为抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)会损害神经元功能；因此， 确定可以导致减少艾滋病毒介导的神经病理的新机制是重要的。 该项目的主要目标是发现艾滋病毒减少树突的生物学机制。我们的 初步数据显示，艾滋病毒携带者的脑脊液和死后大脑 神经认知功能减退的(PLWH)患者体内微管相关物质含量较高 蛋白2(MAP2)，与认知正常的PLWH相比。MAP2，它高度富含树突， 与微管结合，在微管的形成和伸长中起关键作用，并帮助神经元 贩卖人口。然而，MAP2有不同的异构体，当在神经元中积累时，它们会促进损伤 MTS功能和树突状退变。HIV可以直接改变MAP2水平或使用病毒蛋白来损害 MTS的功能。因为HIV介导的树突丢失在实验上是可以重现的 包膜糖蛋白gp120，我们假设HIV通过gp120影响树突状MT的整体功能。 依赖机制，包括MAP2与MTS结合的改变。两个具体目标是 提出用来检验这一假说。在目标1中，我们将研究艾滋病毒/gp120改变MAP2的机制。 在目标2中，我们将使用各种方法来减少或增强map2亚型，并研究它们在 树突状损伤。更好地了解这些机制有助于药物开发减少 手的发病率。

Abstract Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV can cause cognitive and mental health disorders, referred to as HIV- associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HAND pathology, which is characterized by synaptodendritic damage, resembles that observed in aging brain. At present, there are no effective treatments for HAND. In addition, it has been suggested that anti-retroviral therapy (ART) impairs neuronal function; thus, the identification of new mechanisms that can lead to a reduction of HIV-mediated neuropathology is important. The major goal of this project is to discover the biological mechanisms whereby HIV reduces dendrites. Our preliminary data show that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and postmortem brains of people living with HIV (PLWH), whose neurocognitive performance is reduced, have a higher content of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), when compared to cognitively normal PLWH. MAP2, which is highly enriched in dendrites, binds to microtubules (MTs) and plays a key role in their formation and elongation, and helps neuronal trafficking. However, MAP2 has different isoforms that, when accumulate in neurons, they promote impairment of MTs function and dendritic degeneration. HIV could directly alter MAP2 levels or use viral proteins to impair the function of MTs. Because the HIV-mediated loss of dendrites is experimentally reproducible by the envelope glycoprotein gp120, we hypothesize that HIV affects the overall function of dendritic MTs by a gp120- dependent mechanism which encompasses an alteration of MAP2 binding to MTs. Two Specific Aims are proposed to test this hypothesis. In Aim 1, we will examine the mechanisms whereby HIV/gp120 alters MAP2. In Aim 2, we will use various approaches to reduce or enhance MAP2 isoforms and examine their role in dendritic injury. A better understanding of these mechanisms is instrumental for drug development to reduce the incidence of HAND.