Understanding the links between parental and adolescent substance use:complementary natural experiments using the children of twins design

项目总结 人类发展中的一个基本问题是父母如何以及在多大程度上塑造他们的行为 孩子们。目前关于物质使用和紊乱的代际传播的观点是 很大程度上受到了长期存在的关于父母模范和问题父母教育的社会化理论的影响。在 同时，物质使用和疾病是可遗传的，使用物质的父母也将遗传责任转嫁给 对他们的孩子使用物质。确定代际传播的因果机制对于 制定和实施有效的预防干预努力，但对核心家庭进行观察性研究 亲子二人组完全混淆了社会化和遗传影响。父母使用药物的影响 在大麻合法性、可得性和可得性迅速变化的背景下，家庭内的大麻问题现在特别突出 可接受性。我们将使用两个互补的方法来研究父母使用大麻的代际影响 自然实验-双胞胎儿童的设计和两种状态的比较具有明显的差异 大麻法律--在科罗拉多州和明尼苏达州1902个家庭的6457名父母和青少年中。双胞胎 父母是科罗拉多州-明尼苏达州大麻研究(DA042755)的参与者，该研究是由两人共同完成的 基因信息丰富的纵向双胞胎研究，采用平行、多波、纵向测量， 在目前大麻合法性和可获得性明显不同的两个州进行。我们现在打算 招募和双胞胎的青春期儿童，以及非双胞胎父母/照顾者，以评估亲子传播 大麻的使用和混乱。将解决以下具体目标：(1)区分机制 使用创新的双胞胎儿童设计亲子传播大麻的使用和障碍；(2) 通过比较父母、家庭和青少年，确定大麻合法化对父母、家庭和青少年的影响 在两个州的青少年大麻使用、育儿实践和家庭环境方面 不同的大麻法律；以及(3)在大麻背景下描述行为去抑制的效果 合法化，检验父母和青少年去抑制能力更强的人将使用大麻的假设 在科罗拉多州有更高的利率和/或更多的问题。利用这些独一无二的信息性、互补性 研究设计，以及在这对双胞胎样本中已经收集的全面的纵向数据，我们将 能够迅速回答有关物质使用的代际传播的重要问题 改变环境--娱乐性大麻合法化--对预防和 干预努力和公共政策。

PROJECT SUMMARY A fundamental question in human development is how and to what extent parents shape the behavior of their children. Current perspectives on the intergenerational transmission of substance use and disorder have been greatly influenced by longstanding socialization theories of parental modeling and problematic parenting. At the same time, substance use and disorder are heritable and substance using parents also pass genetic liability to use substances to their children. Identifying causal mechanisms of intergenerational transmission is critical to develop and implement effective preventive–intervention efforts, but observational studies of nuclear families and parent–child dyads fully confound socialization and genetic influences. Effects of parental substance use within families are particularly salient now, in the context of rapid shifts in marijuana legality, availability, and acceptability. We will examine the intergenerational impact of parental marijuana use using two complementary natural experiments — the children of twins design and a comparison of two states with markedly different marijuana laws — in 6,457 parents and adolescents from 1,902 families in Colorado and Minnesota. Twin parents are participants in the Colorado–Minnesota Marijuana Study (DA042755), a collaboration between two genetically informative, longitudinal twin studies with parallel, multi-wave, longitudinal measures that are conducted in two states with marked differences in current marijuana legality and availability. We now intend to recruit and twins’ adolescent children, and nontwin parents/caregivers, to evaluate parent–child transmission of marijuana use and disorder. The following specific aims will be addressed: (1) Differentiate mechanisms of parent–child transmission of marijuana use and disorder using an innovative children of twins design; (2) Determine effects of marijuana legalization on parents, families, and adolescents by comparing parental and adolescent marijuana use, parenting practices, and the family environment in two states with markedly different marijuana laws; and (3) Delineate effects of behavioral disinhibition in the context of marijuana legalization, testing the hypothesis that parents and adolescents with greater disinhibition will use marijuana at higher rates and/or with more problems in Colorado. Leveraging these uniquely informative, complementary study designs, as well as the comprehensive longitudinal data already collected in these twin samples, we will be able to answer important questions about the intergenerational transmission of substance use in a rapidly changing landscape —legalized recreational marijuana — with critical implications for prevention and intervention efforts and public policy.