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Increased access to highly effective contraception: an opportunity dividend?

增加获得高效避孕药具的机会：机会红利？

基本信息

批准号：
10627755
负责人：
Amanda Jean Stevenson
金额：
$ 48.7万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-05-15 至 2025-04-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10627755
关键词：
3-Dimensional Abortion Rates Address Age American Area Calendar Censuses Characteristics Childbirth Clinic Code Colorado Community Surveys Contraceptive methods Data Data Set Dedications Demographic Analyses Demography Documentation Economics Education Elderly Employment Enrollment Ethnic Origin Etiology Exposure to Family Family Planning Family Planning Policy Family Planning Programs Fertility Fertility Rates Funding Geographic Locations Geography Goals Health Policy Health Promotion Healthy People 2020 Household Income Individual Journals Life Cycle Stages Link Measurement Measures Mediating Medicaid eligibility Methods Natural experiment Oral Outcome Paper Persons Pilot Projects Policies Population Poverty Public Policy Publishing Quasi-experiment Race Records Reproduction Research Research Design Research Personnel Secure Shock Social Policies Socioeconomic Status Source Stream Surveys Taxes Testing Time United States Variant Vital Statistics Woman adjudication aged child bearing design economic outcome empowerment evidence base experimental study falls high school human capital improved longitudinal dataset men parity programs reproductive social socioeconomics trend young woman

项目摘要

Project Summary Over the last 50 years, access to contraception in the US has been supported by dedicated public funding streams. Benefits to women's lives are often cited as rationale for these programs. But there is surprisingly little rigorous contemporary evidence to support the claim that access to highly effective contraception – as opposed to use of it – impacts women's economic outcomes and human capital accumulation at the population level. This absence of evidence leaves a dominant rationale for the public subsidy of contraception untested. This project seeks to overcome challenges in data and research design that resulted in this lack of evidence. In partnership with the U.S. Census Bureau, the project will (Aim 1) construct an individual-level longitudinal dataset, Reproduction in People's Lives (RIPL), recording women's fertility and women's and men's human capital formation for nearly all reproductive-age U.S. residents 2007-2021. It will link restricted individual-level microdata for the entire United States from the 2010 Census, IRS tax filings, the Census Household Composition Key File, Medicaid Eligibility Records, and the 2007-2021 American Community Surveys (ACS). The project will estimate the causal impact of access to contraception using a massive policy experiment: the Colorado Family Planning Initiative (CFPI), begun in 2009, which dramatically expanded access to highly effective contraception in all federally funded Title X clinics in Colorado, making previously expensive methods free. Vital statistics analyses showed CFPI decreased young women's fertility and abortion rates in Colorado compared to prevailing trends in other states. A pilot for this project used linked Census and ACS data (to be included in RIPL) to study effects of CFPI on education, finding that CFPI improved high school completion. Changes in life course outcomes as Coloradans gained access to highly effective contraception will be compared to changes in comparison states using a difference-in-differences approach. In this way the project will (Aim 2) assess the impact of access to highly effective contraception on women's fertility over their life course. Similarly, the project will (Aim 3) assess the impact of access to highly effective contraception on women's (and for the first time, men's) economic outcomes and human capital accumulation. For each outcome, whether impacts vary by age at exposure, family of origin socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity, as well as whether fertility mediates the impact of CFPI on women's socioeconomic lives will be assessed. Project findings will inform longstanding debates in demography, economics, and public policy regarding the consequences of family planning programs, the degree to which individuals may improve their economic opportunity by controlling their fertility, whether observed associations between fertility timing and women's later life outcomes are causal, and whether empowering women to control their fertility reduces the negative socioeconomic consequences of childbearing for women. The data and methods developed by the project may also be used to investigate effects of other family planning and social policy changes.

项目摘要在过去的50年里，美国的避孕措施得到了专门的公共资金的支持。溪流这些方案的理由往往是对妇女生活的好处。但令人惊讶的是，严格的当代证据支持这样一种说法，即获得高效避孕药具- 反对使用信息技术-影响妇女的经济成果和人口中的人力资本积累水平由于缺乏证据，公共避孕补贴的主要理由未经检验。该项目旨在克服数据和研究设计中导致缺乏证据的挑战。与美国人口普查局合作，该项目将（目标1）构建一个个人层面的纵向数据集，人们生活中的生殖（RIPL），记录了女性的生育率以及女性和男性的人类生育率。 2007-2021年几乎所有育龄美国居民的资本形成。它将连接受限制的个人级别 2010年美国人口普查、国税局纳税申报、人口普查家庭的微观数据组成关键文件，医疗补助资格记录，和2007-2021年美国社区调查（ACS）。该项目将利用一项大规模的政策实验来估计获得避孕药具的因果影响：科罗拉多计划生育倡议（CFPI），开始于2009年，这大大扩大了获得高度在科罗拉多的所有联邦资助的第十条诊所中，自由了生命统计分析显示，CFPI降低了科罗拉多年轻女性的生育率和堕胎率与其他国家的普遍趋势相比。该项目的一个试点使用了链接的人口普查和ACS数据（将于研究CFPI对教育的影响，发现CFPI提高了高中毕业率。随着科罗拉多人获得高效避孕措施，使用差异中的差异方法与比较状态的变化进行比较。通过这种方式，将（目标2）评估获得高效避孕药具对妇女一生生育率的影响当然了同样，该项目将（目标3）评估获得高效避孕药具对妇女（首次包括男子）的经济成果和人力资本积累。为每个结果，影响是否因接触时的年龄、家庭的社会经济地位和种族/民族而异，以及生育率是否介导了CFPI对妇女社会经济生活的影响。项目结果将为人口学、经济学和公共政策方面的长期辩论提供信息，计划生育计划的后果，个人可以改善其经济状况的程度，是否观察到生育时间与妇女的生育率之间的关联，晚年生活的结果是因果关系，赋予妇女控制生育的权力是否会减少负面影响，生育对妇女的社会经济影响。该项目开发的数据和方法可还可用于调查其他计划生育和社会政策变化的影响。