Promoting Parallel Parenting: Putting Children First during High-Conflict Divorce and Separation (PCF)

促进平行养育：在高度冲突的离婚和分居期间将孩子放在第一位（PCF）

• 批准号: 10757876
• 负责人: Jeremy Austin Jones
• 金额: $ 28.81万
• 依托单位: IRIS MEDIA, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10757876
• 关键词: Address; Adoption; Agreement; Anger; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Businesses; Child; Child Rearing; Child Support; Childhood; Conflict (Psychology); Consumption; Couples; Development; Divorce; Educational Intervention; Evidence based practice; Expenditure; Family; Family Process; Grief reaction; Health; Hearing; Hour; Indiana; Individual; Instruction; Intervention; Interview; Justice; Knowledge; Laws; Legal; Literature; Litigation; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Modeling; Motivation; Oregon; Outcome; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting Education; Parents; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Phase; Population; Process; Protocols documentation; Randomized; Randomized, Controlled Trials; Reporting; Research Activity; Research Design; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Self Efficacy; Site; Social Adjustment; Stress; Structure; Substance abuse problem; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Training Activity; Treatment Efficacy; Triage; Trust; adverse childhood events; adverse outcome; court; design; digital; digital delivery; divorce/separation; effective intervention; evidence base; experience; family management; family support; fighting; follow-up; implementation framework; improved; interest; motivational enhancement therapy; online intervention; prevent; programs; prototype; psychologic; psychosocial; recruit; stressor; study population; substance use; usability; verbal; willingness

Parental divorce and separation constitute an adverse childhood experience and a risk factor for a number of childhood behavioral, psychological, and academic problems. The act of parental divorce or separation does not in itself cause adverse outcomes in children. Rather, co-occurring negative family processes, particularly high inter-parental conflict (HIC), explain most of the variance. Although many families experience conflict in the first year after divorce, it typically decreases over time. In contrast to normal conflict, for 10%-25% of couples, HIC endures and puts children at risk for negative outcomes. The literature broadly defines HIC following divorce and separation to include anger, an extreme lack of trust, unresolved grief, hostile contempt, uncooperative co-parenting, verbal and physical fighting, and legal conflict between the parents. Courts are moving towards triaged approaches to manage family law cases. Aligned with this model, almost every state or local jurisdiction requires parents to complete a brief (3- to 4-hour), universal parenting education course before finalizing a divorce. Unfortunately, existing court-mandated universal parent education interventions fail to address the unique parenting challenges presented by HIC separation. There is a critical need to develop interventions to ameliorate negative consequences for children of divorcing and separating parents with HIC. To meet this need, we propose to develop and evaluate Putting Children First (PCF), an affordable and highly scalable online intervention featuring digitally adapted motivational interviewing strategies paired with evidence-based parent training resources. In contrast to most universal parenting interventions provided by family courts that promote co-parenting, PCF emphasizes parallel parenting, a strategy that we hypothesize to be more effective for families experiencing HIC. The proposed PCF intervention will be based on Parent Management Program-Oregon (PMTO), a well- established, in-person parenting intervention shown to improve child, parent, and family outcomes. Although PMTO is effective when adapted for divorcing parents, it has not been adapted nor systematically evaluated for couples experiencing HIC during separation. The PCF intervention will identify and overcome barriers to engagement with this population by incorporating brief motivational interviewing, a strategy that increases an individual's motivation to make behavioral changes by focusing on their need for and reasons for change. The project incorporates three aims in two phases. In Phase I, we aim to complete four tasks: (1) interview judicial stakeholders to tailor the implementation framework and approach to meet the needs of the court system administration; (2) conduct design research to adapt the instructional and motivational approach to parents with HIC involved in a separation or divorce; (3) develop content for four training modules and a high-fidelity prototype of the course site; (4) assess usability of the prototype using a think-aloud protocol and follow-up semi-structured interviews with parents with HIC. In Phase II, Aim 1, the project team will engage in design research to complete content development for the PCF intervention. In Aim 2, a randomized controlled trial will be conducted with 250 dyads (i.e., divorcing/divorced/separated parents with HIC) to evaluate the PCF intervention. Dyads will be recruited through a partnership with the Indiana Supreme Court and will be randomized to business as usual (BAU) or to BAU+PCF. We hypothesize that: 1. Compared to BAU, BAU+PCF will (a) increase parent self‐efficacy, (b) decrease parental stress, (c) increase parental knowledge, (d) increase parental motivation to engage with the intervention, (f) improve the quality of parent-child relationships, and (g) improve parent-reported child stress and prosocial behaviors. 2. Parents with higher levels of conflict will be more responsive to parallel parenting, and increased parallel parenting among HIC dyads will reduce child adjustment problems.

父母离婚和分居是一种不利的童年经历，对许多人来说是一个危险因素 儿童时期的行为、心理和学业问题。父母离婚或分居的行为 本身并不会对儿童造成不良后果。相反，共同发生的负面家庭过程，特别是 父母间高度冲突(HIC)是造成这种差异的主要原因。尽管许多家庭在 离婚后的第一年，通常会随着时间的推移而减少。与正常冲突相比，10%-25%的 对于夫妇，HIC持续存在，并将儿童置于负面结果的风险中。文献对HIC进行了广泛的定义 在离婚和分居之后，包括愤怒，极度缺乏信任，未解决的悲伤，敌意的蔑视， 不合作的共同育儿，言语和肢体上的争斗，以及父母之间的法律冲突。 法院正在采用分门别类的方法来管理家庭法律案件。与这一模式相结合， 几乎每个州或地方的司法管辖区都要求父母完成简短的(3至4小时)、普遍的育儿 离婚前的教育课程。不幸的是，现有的法院规定的全民家长教育 干预措施未能解决HIC分离带来的独特的育儿挑战。有一个关键的问题 需要制定干预措施以减轻离婚和分居对儿童的负面影响 患有HIC的父母。 为了满足这一需求，我们建议开发和评估将儿童放在首位(PCF)，一个负担得起的和 高度可扩展的在线干预，采用数字改编的激励性面试策略，与 循证家长培训资源。与由提供的大多数普遍的育儿干预相反 提倡共同育儿的家庭法庭，PCF强调平行育儿，这是我们假设的一种策略 对经历HIC的家庭更有效。 拟议的PCF干预将基于俄勒冈州家长管理计划(PMTO)，这是一口井- 既定的面对面育儿干预显示可以改善孩子、父母和家庭的结果。虽然 PMTO在适用于离婚父母时是有效的，它还没有被适应，也没有系统地评估 在分居期间经历HIC的夫妇。PCF干预将确定和克服障碍，以 通过加入简短的激励性采访与这一人群接触，这一战略可以增加 个人通过关注他们对改变的需要和改变的理由来做出行为改变的动机。 该项目分两个阶段包含三个目标。 在第一阶段，我们的目标是完成四项任务：(1)约谈司法利益攸关方，以量身定制执行情况 适应法院系统管理需要的框架和方法；(2)进行设计研究，以 使指导和激励的方法适用于涉及分居或离婚的HIC父母；(3) 开发四个培训模块的内容和课程站点的高保真原型；(4)评估 原型使用有声思考方案，并对患有HIC的父母进行后续的半结构化访谈。 在第二阶段，目标1，项目组将进行设计研究，以完成 PCF干预。在目标2中，将对250个二联体进行随机对照试验(即， 离婚/离婚/分居的HIC父母)，以评估PCF干预措施。二人组将被招募 通过与印第安纳州最高法院的合作，将被随机分配到一切照常(BAU)或 BAU+PCF。我们假设： 1.与BAU相比，BAU+PCF可以(A)提高父母的自我效能感，(B)减少父母的压力，(C) 增加父母知识，(D)增加父母参与干预的积极性，(F)改善 改善亲子关系的质量；(G)改善父母报告的子女压力和亲社会行为。 2.冲突程度越高的父母对平行育儿的反应会更快，平行程度也会增加 HIC双胞胎中的育儿方式将减少儿童适应问题。