Strengthening global food safety through improved capacities for food control at regional and country levels

项目概要/摘要 在当今全球化的世界中，需要加强各地的食品安全能力， 在所有国家进行合理有效的控制。该项目的主要目标是促进 通过提供权威和实用的 在全球一级和若干区域开展指导、培训材料和能力发展活动 选定的国家。 拟议的办法以两个相辅相成的支柱为基础， 和区域/国家一级。 支柱1涉及促进和支持粮农组织/世卫组织食品控制系统的合理使用， 能够系统和可靠地评估国家体系的运作情况， 关键的弱点在于。在国家一级，评估进程需要制定国家 改进系统的行动计划，并核实目标改进的实现情况， 促进决策者对潜在捐助者或技术捐助者的问责 社.成功实施有助于降低国内消费者的食品安全风险， 通过增加粮食和农业生产， 符合国际卫生和植物检疫要求的农产品出口。由于该工具具有 现在已经运作了几年，越来越重要的是， “维护”，以确保它保持最新。 支柱2涉及加强官方食品控制的证据和风险基础： 现代食品安全理念从“被动”到“预防”，促使世界各国政府 对食品控制活动采取基于风险的方法，并要求食品供应中的所有经营者 连锁经营对食品安全负有主要责任。食品检验计划需要优先控制 根据食品或食品经营者的做法造成的实际风险。根据以下因素规划食品检验 风险对发展中国家和转型经济体特别有利，因为它们更好地利用了 将现有资源分配给最具潜力的流程和业务 消费者的健康风险，并采取与风险水平相称的执法行动。在 同时，此举亦可减低食物业经营者不必要的检验和测试费用，从而减低他们的成本。 监测（和取样）方案是视察计划的一个补充工具， 这是由发展中国家监督的，因为其基础的概念需要加以解释。的 JECFA和JEMRA的科学建议出版物以及食品法典准则提供了 有用的指导，这将有利于补充更实际的考虑， 各国应在其背景下取代本指南。

Project Summary/Abstract In today’s globalized world, food safety capacities need to be strengthened everywhere to enable more rational and effective controls in all countries. The main objective of this project is to contribute to the strengthening of national food control systems through provision of authoritative and practical guidance, training materials and capacity development activities at global level and in a number of selected countries. The proposed approach is based on two complementary pillars, each comprised of activities at global, and regional/country levels. Pillar 1 deals with the promotion an support to the sound use of FAO/WHO food control system, which allows a systematic and reliable evaluation of how national systems are performing and where the critical weaknesses lie. At country level, the assessment process entails the development of national action plans for improving the system and verify the achievement of target improvements and thus promote accountability among decision makers vis-a-vis potential contributing donors or technical agencies. Successful implementation contributes to reduce food safety risks for domestic consumers in the beneficiary countries and to promote economic development through increased food and agricultural exports that meet international sanitary and phytosanitary requirements. As the tool has now been in operation for some years, it is increasingly becoming important to engage in its “maintenance” to ensure it remains up to date. Pillar 2 deals with Strengthening of the evidence and risk basis of official food controls: the shift of the modern food safety conception from “reactive” to “preventive”, has led governments worldwide moving towards risk-based approaches to food control activities and requiring all operators in the food supply chain to bear primary responsibility for food safety. Food inspection programs need to prioritize controls based on effective risks posed by the food or food operator practices. Planning food inspection based on risk can be particularly beneficial to developing and transition economies as they make better use of existing resources by allocating them toward processes and businesses presenting the greatest potential health risk to consumers and by implementing enforcement action proportionate to the level of risk. In turns, this also minimizes costs to food operators by reducing unnecessary inspection and testing costs. A complementary instrument to inspection plans, monitoring (and sampling) programmes are often overseen by developing countries, as the concepts underlying their basis need to be unpacked. The scientific advice publications by JECFA and JEMRA, as well as Codex Alimentarius guidelines provide useful guidance, which would benefit to be supplemented by more practical considerations allowing countries to replace this guidance into their context.