Racialized Sexual Discrimination (RSD) and Psychological Well-being among Young Sexual Minority Men of Color (YSMMoC)

项目摘要 使用虚拟社交性网络场所（例如，移动的应用程序和网站）来寻找亲密的伴侣是 在年轻的性少数（SM）男性中几乎无处不在。然而，很少有人注意到独特的 在线空间中发生的歧视现象，以及这些经历如何影响 有色人种青年性少数（YSMMoC）其中一个未被充分研究的现象是种族化 性别歧视（RSD），定义为YSMMoC在网上遇到的性别歧视待遇 在寻找亲密伴侣的时候种族歧视，也称为“性种族主义”，在这些空间中普遍存在， 可能是YSMMoC在他们的比赛中遇到的更广泛的基于种族的微侵略星座的一部分。 日常生活因此，经常使用虚拟空间与亲密伴侣见面的YSMMoC可能面临更高的风险 心理社会结果不佳到目前为止，定量研究RSD的少数研究还没有 使用了经过验证的量表，这些量表可以捕获RSD的多个方面，这些方面是在线设置所独有的。解决 针对这些差距，PI发起了一项探索性的混合方法研究，以开发和测试多维量表 的RSD与年轻的黑人SM男子，并检查RSD和心理健康之间的关联。 探索性因素分析的初始规模揭示了8个因素的结构。该量表被认为是可靠的 RSD的4个因子与抑郁症状呈负相关， 自我价值感然而，还需要进一步的研究来检查心理测量学特性 其他YSMMoC的RSD量表以及RSD对更全面的一组指标的预测有效性 心理健康因此，当前研究的目标是进一步推进开发和验证 一个新的，多维规模的RSD在一个在线样本N=1,500 YSMMoC。具体目标是： (1)使用结构分析法对N=500名黑人男性进行了验证性因素分析（CFA）和可靠性分析。 方程模型;（2）通过执行额外的CFA，检验不同种族/族裔群体之间的测量不变性 和可靠性分析之间的样本N=500拉丁美洲和N=500亚洲男子;和（3）检查的关系 RSD因素和心理健康的四个指标之间的关系，例如，抑郁，孤独，自我价值， 生活满意度我们对RSD的研究是以少数民族压力理论和交叉性为指导的， 医学研究所关于LGBT健康的开创性报告中优先考虑的概念框架。解决 YSMMoC之间的歧视经历是NIH的一个高度优先领域， 在这一人群中，这仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。因此，开发一个强大而全面的 RSD的措施将大大推进健康公平研究，旨在减轻负面影响， YSMMoC精神健康方面的歧视。这项工作将为今后的研究奠定基础， 研究了互联网上经历的交叉少数民族压力源，并最终告知发展， 这些干预措施既适合文化，又针对虚拟环境。

PROJECT SUMMARY The use of virtual sociosexual networking venues (e.g., mobile apps and websites) to find intimate partners is near ubiquitous among young sexual minority (SM) men. However, little attention has been paid to the unique discriminatory phenomena that occur in online spaces, and how these experiences impact the mental health of young sexual minority men of color (YSMMoC). One such phenomenon that has been understudied is Racialized Sexual Discrimination (RSD), defined as the sexualized discriminatory treatment that YSMMoC encounter online when looking for intimate partners. RSD, also referred to as `sexual racism,' is widespread within these spaces, and may be a part of the broader constellation of race-based micro-aggressions that YSMMoC encounter in their daily lives. Thus, YSMMoC who regularly use virtual spaces to meet intimate partners may be at elevated risk for poor psychosocial outcomes. To date, the few studies that have quantitatively investigated RSD have not used validated scales that capture the multiple aspects of RSD that are unique to online settings. To address these gaps, the PI launched an exploratory mixed-methods study to develop and test a multi-dimensional scale of RSD with young Black SM men and examine the associations between RSD and psychological well-being. Exploratory factor analyses of the initial scale revealed an 8-factor structure. The scale was found to be reliable and psychometrically sound, and four factors of RSD were negatively associated with depressive symptoms and feelings of self-worth. Additional research is needed, however, to examine the psychometric properties of the RSD scale for other YSMMoC and the predictive validity of RSD to a more comprehensive set of indicators of psychological well-being. Thus, the goal of the current study is to further advance the development and validation of a novel, multidimensional scale of RSD in an online sample of N=1,500 YSMMoC. The specific aims are to: (1) perform a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and reliability analysis with N=500 Black men using structural equation models; (2) test for measurement invariance across racial/ethnic groups by performing additional CFAs and reliability analyses among a sample of N=500 Latino and N=500 Asian men; and (3) examine the relationship between RSD factors and four indicators of psychological well-being, e.g., depression, loneliness, self-worth and life satisfaction. Our examination of RSD is guided by Minority Stress Theory and Intersectionality, two conceptual frameworks prioritized in the Institute of Medicine's seminal report on LGBT health. Addressing experiences of discrimination among YSMMoC is a high-priority area for NIH, and psychological functioning among this population remains a significant public health concern. Thus, developing a robust and comprehensive measure of RSD will significantly advance health equity research aimed at mitigating the negative effects of discrimination on the mental health of YSMMoC. This work will lay the foundation for future research that examines intersectional minority stressors that are experienced online, and ultimately inform the development of interventions that are both culturally-tailored, and specific to virtual environments.