Core F: Biomarker

核心F：生物标记物项目总结 神经退行性疾病是由多因素过程引起的多效性变化引起的。 连接一系列生物过程的分子网络，导致蛋白质在大脑中聚集，以及 最终导致认知能力的持续下降，这是大多数与年龄相关的痴呆疾病的特征。 神经退行性疾病，如阿尔茨海默病(AD)、特发性帕金森病(PD)，以及 额颞叶变性(FTLD)的发生机制与常见或罕见的变异相关 有疾病风险的人是直接遗传的或零星出现的。人类的体细胞和干细胞模型 出现了一个强大的系统，用于模拟病理性基因表达的复杂性，特别是在 疾病的早期阶段，在非肿瘤人类基因组的背景下。此外，人类干细胞可以 分化为受疾病影响的单个细胞类型，如神经元、星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和 少突胶质细胞，以及3D“迷你脑”器官。为此，我们建立了一个生物资源库 阿尔茨海默病及相关痴呆的干细胞模型。该藏品包括200多个人类成纤维细胞 骑士ADRC和多米尼克遗传性阿尔茨海默病网络(DIAN)和诱导的多能干细胞 (IPSC)来自30多名携带APP、PSEN1、PSEN2、GRN、MAPT和Risk突变的个体 MAPT、APOE、TREM2、RAB10和PLD3的变异。我们的长期目标是开发一套工具和 AD和相关痴呆的生物标志物。为了做到这一点，我们将继续建立一个人类的生物库 体细胞和干细胞模型。这些细胞将有助于研究基本的疾病机制，允许 发现新的生物标志物，促进药物发现平台的建立。我们将重点关注细胞收集 建立在骑士民主与和解委员会的三个主要优势领域：(1)不同种族背景对 阿尔茨海默病的分子和细胞生物标志物；(2)大家族中发病年龄的遗传和分子修饰物 有密集的晚发性阿尔茨海默病家族史；(3)分子和细胞生物标志物的比较 常染色体显性阿尔茨海默病和散发性晚发性阿尔茨海默病之间有共同和独特之处。最后，我们将使 向更广泛的研究社区提供人类体细胞和干细胞系，以彻底改变我们的 了解阿尔茨海默病及相关痴呆症。

Core F: Biomarker Project Summary Neurodegenerative diseases result from multifactorial processes that cause pleiotropic changes in the molecular networks that link a host of biological processes, leading to protein aggregation in the brain, and ultimately to the relentless decline in cognition that characterizes most age-related dementing illnesses. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) occur by mechanisms in which common or rare variants associated with disease risk are directly inherited or arise sporadically. Human somatic and stem cell models have emerged as a powerful system for modeling the complexities of pathological gene expression, particularly in the early phase of disease, in the context of a non-neoplastic human genome. Further, human stem cells can be differentiated into individual cell types affected in disease, such as neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, as well as 3D “mini-brain” organoids. To this end, we have established a biorepository of stem cell models of AD and related dementias. The collection includes more than 200 human fibroblasts from the Knight ADRC and the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from more than 30 individuals carrying mutations in APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, GRN, MAPT, and risk variants in MAPT, APOE, TREM2, RAB10 and PLD3. Our long-term goal is to develop a set of tools and biomarkers for AD and related dementias. To do this, we will continue to build a biorepository of human somatic and stem cell models. These cells will facilitate the study of basic disease mechanisms, allow for discovery of novel biomarkers, and facilitate drug discovery platforms. We will focus on cell collection that builds on three major areas of strength in the Knight ADRC: (1) contributions of diverse ethnic backgrounds to molecular and cellular biomarkers of AD; (2) genetic and molecular modifiers of age at onset in large families with a dense family history of late onset AD; and (3) comparison of the molecular and cellular biomarkers that are common and unique between autososomal dominant AD and sporadic, late onset AD. Finally, we will make available the human somatic and stem cell lines to the broader research community to revolutionize our understanding of AD and related dementias.