Trauma, Substance Use, and Incarceration Over the Lifecourse: Identifying Social Supports to Promote Resiliency in a US National Cohort Study

生命历程中的创伤、药物使用和监禁：在美国国家队列研究中确定社会支持以促进复原力

• 批准号: 10741680
• 负责人: Christina Tam
• 金额: $ 38.05万
• 依托单位: PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2027-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10741680
• 关键词: Acceleration; Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Alcohol consumption; Attenuated; Black American; Black Populations; Black race; Buffers; Cannabis; Cohort Studies; Communities; Data; Development; Discrimination; Disparity; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Economics; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic Population; Faith; Family; Funding; General Population; Health; High Prevalence; Hispanic; Hispanic Americans; Hispanic Populations; Imprisonment; Inequity; Institution; Intervention; Latinx; Latinx population; Legal system; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mental Health Services; Mentorship; National Institute of Drug Abuse; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health; National Survey of Adolescents; Neighborhoods; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Persons; Population; Prevention; Race; Racial Equity; Research; Risk; Role; Sampling; Science; Scoring Method; Social Change; Social Identification; Social support; Stress; Structural Models; Techniques; Time; Translations; Trauma; Trauma Research; Vacuum; Victimization; Youth; childhood adversity; community violence; emerging adult; emerging adulthood; epidemiology study; ethnic difference; ethnic disparity; ethnic minority; experience; health service use; illicit drug use; improve minority health; improved; innovation; intimate partner violence; knowledge base; middle age; minority communities; minority health; prevent; promote resilience; racial difference; racial disparity; racial diversity; racial minority; racial population; response; secondary analysis; social; social health determinants; substance use; trauma exposure; traumatic event; violence exposure; virtual

Project Summary Racial disparities in US incarceration rates are greatest among emerging adults (ages 18-25), and trauma exposure is nearly universal in incarcerated populations. Given the striking overrepresentation of Black and Hispanic Americans in the US criminal legal system for substance use offenses, and high prevalence of cannabis and other illicit drug use among incarcerated populations, research is needed to further understanding of the relationship between trauma and the course of cannabis and other drug use from adolescence (ages 12-17) to early mid-adulthood (ages 33-42) and to highlight critical intervention opportunities. We recognize the disproportionate burden of childhood adversities and violence exposures among Black and Hispanic groups, yet few studies have considered racial and ethnic differences in associations between childhood adversity and substance use. Furthermore, virtually no research has examined disparities in adult trauma exposures and substance use, and their relevance to incarceration. Addressing the aforementioned gaps, this study investigates race and ethnicity differences in trauma exposures during an understudied developmental period, emerging adulthood, and how trauma may influence risk for incarceration through cannabis and other drug use. This secondary analysis study leverages data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) and integrates a lifecourse approach into an ecological framework to examine trauma exposures found prevalent in minoritized communities (community violence exposure and intimate partner violence). Our first aim is to examine race and ethnicity differences in longitudinal associations between adult trauma, cannabis and other drug use, and incarceration, accounting for childhood adversity. The second aim is to investigate race and ethnicity-specific lifecourse pathways from trauma exposure to incarceration. We innovate by employing propensity scoring methods and marginal structural modeling to determine causal and cumulative effects of adult trauma exposures on incarceration risk, setting us apart from extant trauma research that concentrates primarily on childhood adversities. Our third aim will use moderated causal mediation to identify salient race and ethnicity-specific social supports (adult mentorship, faith-based engagement, mental health service use) within the neighborhood environment that most strongly attenuate effects of trauma on cannabis and other drug use and, ultimately, incarceration risk. The objectives of this project are directly relevant to NIDA’s Racial Equity Initiative to improve minority health and reduce inequities the US. Findings from this epidemiologic study will be used for translation to prevention science and have great potential to inform meaningful development of culturally-tailored and developmentally-appropriate multilevel interventions in US subpopulations at elevated risk for incarceration. Doing so can help prevent young people’s further entrenchment in the criminal legal system and alleviate the harmful consequences of mass incarceration on families and in their communities.

项目摘要 美国监禁率的种族差异在新兴成年人（18-25岁）中最大， 在被监禁的人群中，接触毒品几乎是普遍现象。考虑到黑人的比例过高， 美国刑事法律的系统中的西班牙裔美国人使用药物犯罪，以及大麻的高流行率 和其他非法药物使用情况，需要开展研究， 创伤与青少年（12-17岁）至2010年期间大麻和其他药物使用过程之间的关系 成年早期（33-42岁），并强调关键的干预机会。我们认识到 黑人和西班牙裔群体的童年逆境和暴力暴露负担不成比例， 很少有研究考虑到种族和民族的差异， 物质使用。此外，几乎没有研究调查成人创伤暴露的差异， 物质使用及其与监禁的相关性。针对上述差距，本研究调查了 在未充分研究的发育时期，创伤暴露的种族和民族差异， 成年期，以及创伤如何通过大麻和其他毒品使用影响监禁风险。这 二次分析研究利用了国家青少年到成人健康纵向研究的数据 (Add健康），并将生命过程方法纳入生态框架，以检查创伤暴露 在少数群体社区普遍存在（社区暴力和亲密伴侣暴力）。 我们的第一个目标是研究成人创伤， 大麻和其他毒品的使用，以及监禁，是童年不幸的原因。第二个目标是 调查从创伤暴露到监禁的种族和民族特定的生命历程途径。我们创新 通过采用倾向评分法和边际结构模型来确定因果和累积 成人创伤暴露对监禁风险的影响，使我们有别于现存的创伤研究， 主要集中在童年的逆境。我们的第三个目标将使用适度的因果调解，以确定 突出的种族和民族特定的社会支持（成人辅导，基于信仰的参与，心理健康 服务使用），最强烈地减弱了创伤对大麻的影响 以及其他毒品使用，最终，入狱的风险。该项目的目标与NIDA的 种族平等倡议，以改善少数民族的健康和减少不平等的美国。这项流行病学调查的结果 研究将用于转化为预防科学，并具有很大的潜力， 在美国亚群中制定适合文化和发展的多层次干预措施 面临更高的入狱风险这样做有助于防止年轻人进一步陷入犯罪的深渊。 这将有助于加强法律的制度，减轻大规模监禁对家庭及其社区的有害影响。