In-vivo polymicrobial biofilms resulting in implant corrosion and metallosis

摘要 金属化是一个术语，用来描述暴露在金属颗粒和离子中的组织的染色- 活着。目前还没有明确的金属沉着的诊断，但它被认为是一种重要的健康 根据FDA的威胁，因为释放的金属与心脏毒性、神经毒性和 癌症。这项工作的首要假设是体内的非致病细菌 脊柱硬件上的生物膜通过腐蚀影响金属的释放，从而导致金属在 病人。为了验证这一假设，我们将追求以下目标：具体目标1将检查 细菌与观察到的脊椎五金件表面腐蚀的关联 表面损伤的量化和细菌相关生物分子的存在 整合到受损的表面上。为此，我们将使用表面光学显微镜来 量化表面改性的类型和覆盖范围，无论是磨损还是腐蚀 整个装置部件、椎弓根螺钉或杆。腐蚀的光学显微镜测定法 没有现有机械损伤的区域将阐明金属的总可能数量 基于表面积测量的释放。这些曲面是如何修改的 利用飞行时间扫描离子质谱仪表征机械损伤 (TOF-SIMS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)。在特定目标2中工作将 描述构成脊柱支架上生物膜的细菌环境 金属化案。由于对活体脊柱内固定缺乏了解 微生物组，这一目标将确定与种植体腐蚀有关的常见微生物。这个 这项工作的影响将是深入了解体内金属腐蚀的机制，从而 可能导致临床治疗的改变，需要新的或改良的材料，或者 改变手术程序，以降低金属化的风险。

ABSTRACT Metallosis is a term used to describe staining of tissues exposed to metal particles and ions in- vivo. There is no explicit diagnosis for metallosis, but it is recognized as a significant health threat per the FDA as the released metals are associated with cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and cancers. The overarching hypothesis of this work is that in-vivo non-pathogenic bacterial biofilms on spinal hardware affect the release of metal via corrosion thus causing metallosis in patients. To test this hypothesis, we will pursue the following aims: Specific Aim 1 will examine the association of bacteria with observed corrosion on the surfaces of spine hardware via the quantification of surface damage and the presence of bacterial associated biomolecules integrated into the damaged surfaces. To do so we will use surface optical microscopy to quantify the type and area coverage of surface modification whether wear or corrosion, over the entire device component, pedicel screw or rod. Optical microscopy determination of corrosion regions without existing mechanical damage will elucidate the total possible amount of metal release based on surface area measurements. How these surfaces are modified beyond mechanical damage will be characterized using Time of Flight-Scanning Ion Mass Spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Work in Specific Aim 2 will characterize the bacterial milieu constituting the biofilms on explanted spine hardware in metallosis cases. Because of the lack of understanding of the in-vivo spinal instrumentation microbiome, this Aim will identify the common microbes associated with implant corrosion. The impact of this work will be to give insight to the mechanisms of in-vivo metal corrosion, thus leading to possible changes in clinical treatments, the necessity of new or modified materials, or changes to surgical procedures to reduce the risk of metallosis.